1. The JARC Program: New Research on Cost-Effectiveness and Cost-Benefits David Schneider Transportation Program Specialist Federal Transit Administration

2. University of Illinois- Chicago Study Dr. Vonu Thakuriah Dr. Vonu Thakuriah Dr. Sim Smoot Dr. Sim Smoot Dr. P.S. Siraj Dr. P.S. Siraj

3. Study Methodology Based on data initially collected in 2002. Based on data initially collected in 2002. 23 sites selected (geographically diverse, in all 10 FTA regions, mix of FR, DR). 23 sites selected (geographically diverse, in all 10 FTA regions, mix of FR, DR). On-board survey of 534 riders of JARC services, interviews with program managers, follow up surveys to managers in 2006-2007. On-board survey of 534 riders of JARC services, interviews with program managers, follow up surveys to managers in 2006-2007.

4. Evaluation Measures User Demographics User Demographics Feedback from users Feedback from users Travel time analysis Travel time analysis Cost-effectiveness analysis Cost-effectiveness analysis Cost-benefit analysis Cost-benefit analysis Longitudinal analysis Longitudinal analysis

5. User Demographics 37% of JARC users earned less than $15,000 compared with 24% of all transit users and 20% of drivers. 37% of JARC users earned less than $15,000 compared with 24% of all transit users and 20% of drivers. 84% of JARC users do not own a car, compared with 23% of all transit users. 84% of JARC users do not own a car, compared with 23% of all transit users. 28% of JARC users had completed high school compared with 69% of all transit users. 28% of JARC users had completed high school compared with 69% of all transit users. 23% of JARC users had been with the same employer for more than two years. 23% of JARC users had been with the same employer for more than two years. 31% of JARC users had received some form of public assistance in the last five years. 31% of JARC users had received some form of public assistance in the last five years.

6. Feedback from users on the program Two-thirds of survey respondents indicated that they would not be able to access their destination without the service that they were currently using. Two-thirds of survey respondents indicated that they would not be able to access their destination without the service that they were currently using. A majority of the riders indicated that the service was “very important” or “important” to them. A majority of the riders indicated that the service was “very important” or “important” to them.

7. Travel Times Riders who switched to JARC service from walking shortened their trip by 18 minutes. Riders who switched to JARC service from walking shortened their trip by 18 minutes. Riders who switched to JARC service from other transit modes shortened their trip by 7.5 minutes. Riders who switched to JARC service from other transit modes shortened their trip by 7.5 minutes. Riders who switched from private automobiles, ridesharing, or taxi service lengthened their trip by between 1 minute and 8.4 minutes. Riders who switched from private automobiles, ridesharing, or taxi service lengthened their trip by between 1 minute and 8.4 minutes.

8. Measures of Cost Effectiveness Cost-Per-Ride Cost-Per-Ride Annual Program Cost Per Rider Annual Program Cost Per Rider JARC Subsidy Per Rider JARC Subsidy Per Rider

9. Cost Effectiveness

11. JARC CE Compared to Other Government Programs

12. Cost Benefit Measures Benefits to the user Benefits to the user –Earnings and benefits (minus transportation costs and lost leisure time) Benefits to the non-user Benefits to the non-user –Tax-payments from users –Welfare payments not made to users – Reduced pollution, traffic accidents –Impact on wages of other low-wage users

13. Cost-Benefit Analysis

14. Cost Benefit Analysis

15. Long-term benefits and costs Participation in employment transportation programs may jump- start wage earnings that continue over an individual’s work-life. Participation in employment transportation programs may jump- start wage earnings that continue over an individual’s work-life. Does participation in the JARC program place people on a higher earnings trajectory? Does participation in the JARC program place people on a higher earnings trajectory?

16. Work-life Benefits of Receiving Employment Transportation

17. Resources JARC Program Performance Web Page JARC Program Performance Web Page http://www.fta.dot.gov/funding/grants/g rants_financing_7175.html http://www.fta.dot.gov/funding/grants/g rants_financing_7175.html David Schneider Transportation Program Specialist 202-493-0175David.Schneider@dot.gov