1. SWBAT: identify the major early battles of the Civil War and explain their importance: SWBAT: identify the major early battles of the Civil War and explain their importance: Do Now: Do Now: Using your battle report paper: Those with battles in 1861-1862 go to the cabinets, 1863-1865 battles go to the windows. Once in your group, put yourselves in order of earliest to latest battle. Using your battle report paper: Those with battles in 1861-1862 go to the cabinets, 1863-1865 battles go to the windows. Once in your group, put yourselves in order of earliest to latest battle.

2. CIVIL WAR BATTLES

3. Bull Run (Manassas) July 21, 1861 – 25 miles from DC July 21, 1861 – 25 miles from DC Inexperienced troops on both sides, South inspired by “Stonewall Jackson” Inexperienced troops on both sides, South inspired by “Stonewall Jackson” South won first victory of war South won first victory of war Union troops retreated to DC Union troops retreated to DC North realized this was not going to be a quick victory North realized this was not going to be a quick victory South encouraged South encouraged

4. Important Battles - 1862 Peninsula Campaign - March 1862 Peninsula Campaign - March 1862 New Orleans – Apr 25, 1862 New Orleans – Apr 25, 1862 7 Pines – May 31, 1862 7 Pines – May 31, 1862 Natchez & Baton Rouge, Memphis – April – June 1862 Natchez & Baton Rouge, Memphis – April – June 1862 2 nd Bull Run – Aug 29, 1862 2 nd Bull Run – Aug 29, 1862 Antietam – Sep 17, 1862 Antietam – Sep 17, 1862 Fredericksburg – Dec 13, 1862 Fredericksburg – Dec 13, 1862

5. In the East…. McClellen appointed by Lincoln to lead army of a million men near Washington (Army of Potomac) McClellen appointed by Lincoln to lead army of a million men near Washington (Army of Potomac)

7. Merrimack and Monitor New weapons helped generals New weapons helped generals Ironclads – could withstand cannon fire, resist burning, splinter wooden ships Ironclads – could withstand cannon fire, resist burning, splinter wooden ships Merrimack was a union ship which had sunk, South recovered, plated it with iron Merrimack was a union ship which had sunk, South recovered, plated it with iron North heard and built the Monitor North heard and built the Monitor Merrimack attacked 3 Union ships Merrimack attacked 3 Union ships March 9 1862, Monitor March 9 1862, Monitor arrived, engaged in 4 ½ arrived, engaged in 4 ½ hour battle, ended in tie hour battle, ended in tie Ended era of wood ships Ended era of wood ships

8. Crew of Monitor

9. War for the Capitals McClellan cautious McClellan cautious Headed to Richmond Headed to Richmond spring 1862 spring 1862 Battled with Johnston, Battled with Johnston, who was injured who was injured Robert E. Lee took over – engaged McClellan in “Seven Days’ Battles” Robert E. Lee took over – engaged McClellan in “Seven Days’ Battles” South had fewer men, but Lee’s determination and tactics caused McClellan to back away and head toward sea South had fewer men, but Lee’s determination and tactics caused McClellan to back away and head toward sea

10. Antietam Lee moved toward DC, August 29 & 30, won Second Battle of Bull Run and then crossed into Maryland Lee moved toward DC, August 29 & 30, won Second Battle of Bull Run and then crossed into Maryland A union corporal found a copy of Lee’s army orders wrapped in a bunch of cigars (showed Lee & Jackson’s troops were separated) A union corporal found a copy of Lee’s army orders wrapped in a bunch of cigars (showed Lee & Jackson’s troops were separated) McClellan ordered his troops to follow Lee McClellan ordered his troops to follow Lee September 17 – bloodiest September 17 – bloodiest single day battle in American single day battle in American history (26,000 men) history (26,000 men) Battle was standoff, but Lee Battle was standoff, but Lee retreated, McClellan let him retreated, McClellan let him Lincoln fired McClellan Lincoln fired McClellan

11. In the West…. Grant led army into Western Tennessee, in 11 days, Grant captured Forts Henry & Donelson “No terms except unconditional and immediate surrender” (U.S. stood for “unconditional surrender”)

13. Shiloh Confederates surprised Grant’s troops (April 6, 1862) Confederates surprised Grant’s troops (April 6, 1862) Grant reorganized and counterattacked Grant reorganized and counterattacked Confederates retreated Confederates retreated Generals realized the need for scouts, trenches, and fortifications Generals realized the need for scouts, trenches, and fortifications ¼ of 100,000 troops killed ¼ of 100,000 troops killed

14. FARRAGUT SEIZES NEW ORLEANS David Farragut’s job David Farragut’s job to seize Confederacy’s to seize Confederacy’s largest city largest city April 24, 1862 – April 24, 1862 – sailed up mouth of MS sailed up mouth of MS past Confederate forts past Confederate forts 5 days later, U.S. flag flew over N.O. 5 days later, U.S. flag flew over N.O. Port Hudson and Vicksburg stood in the way of capturing all cities on lower Mississippi Port Hudson and Vicksburg stood in the way of capturing all cities on lower Mississippi