2. People had been aware of effect of NV for centuries Shakespeare— “Beware of Cassius…lean and hungry look about him” J. Caesar Began as a legitimate study in 1951 with Reusch and Keen’s book Nonverbal Communication. Divided the study into chapters according to type (gestures, appearance, posture, etc)

3. In 1960’s, people thought EVERY movement had communicative value Mortenson (U.W.) said physical behavior could be divided into: 1.Random Behavior (a gesture which happens a few times and has no pattern and, obviously, does NOT communicate 2.Idiosyncratic Behavior (a habit/idiosyncrasy familiar to an individual 3.Nonverbal Communication (have “shared significance”)

4. Stephen R. Covey Only percent of our communication is represented by the words we say, another percent by our sounds, and percent by body language. 10 30 60

5. Manages Immediate Social Situation Expresses attitude Expresses emotional states Self-Presentation (occupation, personality, cliques, etc) Sustains verbal communication Floor apportionment (who has the floor) Feedback Signaling attentiveness Replaces verbal message

6. Toexclude To exclude “How can you keep someone out nonverbally?” To include To include “How can you invite someone in nonverbally into a conversation?” To put down To put down “How can you put down nonverbally?” To build up To build up “How can you build up nonverbally?” To reveal self To reveal self “How do you greet someone after they were gone a long time?” To conceal self To conceal self “Have you ever tried to bluff your way out of a situation?”

7. Paralanguage Proxemics Body Language Appearance Gesture Facial Expression

8. Paralanguage is the tonal meaning behind what we say. The meaning is not what we say but how we say it. “How are you today?” “Fine” “Which is more important, what we say or how we say it?”

9. EMOTIONABC ANGER JOY SORROW FRUSTRATION INDIFFERENCE CURIOSITY FEAR DISGUST Participants A, B, and C will recite the following sentence using different emotions. “Dude.” Judging by the voice ALONE, identify each emotion for each participant.

10. Spatial relations can be used to control/distribute power The better we know someone, the closer we allow them into our personal space Rules depend on the culture America is the least contact nation Don’t always have control over spatial relations Intimate space 0 – 1.5 ft Personal Space 1.5 – 4 ft Social space 4 –12 ft Public space over 12 ft “What determines how close you stand to someone?”

11. The study of personal space and how we structure that space around us. Depends on how you are raised. Much is cultural—some require more; some less Americans use a grid system for their streets; concerns with lines, we name and number streets. Japanese name intersections France is like a wheel (similar to Madison with streets spoking from capitol This CAN affect how we structure space in interpersonal interactions

12. 1.List ways animals mark their territory. 2.Think of three ways you mark your territory (fences, names on folders, posters on bedroom walls, etc) 3.Why the innate need to mark what is ours? 4.Think of three “unassigned assigned” seats— those places no one assign to us yet we feel more comfortable if we continually sit there (church pew, place in car, lunch table, etc)

13. The better you know someone, the more accurate the interpretation. Not always 100% accurate. Not always consciously used. “What does arms crossed mean?”

14. Reflects on your personality Is your initial first impression Sets a tone Dress code Uniforms (baseball managers) “Is it right to judge people based on looks alone?”

15. Have different meanings Varies by culture Develops over time Handshakes communicate a great deal “What are some hand gestures you use for different situations?”

16. Not always consciously controlled Not 100% accurate

17. “What would you do in the hallway if someone you want to avoid is approaching and he/she hasn’t seen you yet?” Signaling with the eyes gains recognition Varies by culture “

18. “If someone looks at his watch while your speaking, it means…” R repeat or supportcontradictR repeat or supportcontradict R replaceregulateR replaceregulate A accurate message constructionA accurate message construction