1. WECC REMTF Workshop Spencer Tacke Spencert@mid.org WECC Renewable Energy System Models Workshop March 9, 2016

2. REMTF Workshop  Accurate, validated models are required for reliable and economic power system operations  NERC Reliability Standards require that power flow and dynamics models be provided 2

3. REMTF Workshop  Under WECC modeling guidelines (i.e., Generating Unit Model Validation Policy), all wind and PV power plants with aggregated capacity 20 MVA or larger must be modeled explicitly in WECC power flow and dynamics base cases, using models in the WCC Approved Dynamic Model Library  Manufacturer-specific dynamic models commonly provided for interconnection studies are not adequate for regional planning. WECC requires the use of approved models. 3

4. Recent Data Gathered by PPMVDTF  WECC base cases have close to 29 GW of total wind generation  74 plants with 5 GW of generating capacity are connected at 24 to 35-V level, and therefore have no collector system representation  94 plants with 5.2 GW of generating capacity have no dynamic models  54 plants with 2.8 GW of generating capacity are modeled with inappropriate dynamic models 4

5. REMTF Workshop  There is a significant opportunity for model improvement  The REMTF (under the MVWG) has led a multi- year effort developing dynamic models for wind and PV generators  The effort has been a broad industry effort  The collaborative community has worked under the auspices of the WECC and the REMTF, and the developed models have been WECC approved and are in major commercial software platforms 5

6. Wind Generation Dynamic Models  Development was done in phases  Initial implementation of type 3 and 4 types represented a limited set of manufacturers  Recently developed second generation models have the capabilities to capture a wider group of wind generation turbine makes and models 6

7. Grid-Connected PV Systems  Most are residential and commercial scale connected to distribution networks  But many are large generation facilities connected to the transmission system 7

8. Second Generation Models They were developed deliberately in a modular format to facilitate the ability to add new features and functions to the library of models without significant effort  1 st generation models were developed without the flexibility to represent various vendor equipment  2 nd generation models were developed with more flexibility and were validated against several vendor data 8

9. Goals of Second Generation Generic Models  Allow for easy implementation of new modules to build on existing components and allow for the ever-growing and changing technology, and  Allow for emulation of a wider range of control philosophies and thus the ability to be parameterized for representing a wide range of equipment 9

10. Wind Turbine Diagrams 10

11. The 2 nd Generation Renewable Energy System (RES) Models ModelFunction1 st or 2 nd Generation regc_aRES Generator/Converter Model2 nd reec_aRES Electrical Controls Model A2 nd reec_bRES Electrical Controls Model B2 nd reec_cRES Electrical Controls Model C2 nd repc_aRES Plant Controls Model A2 nd repc_bRES Plant Controls Model B2 nd (not yet finalized) wtgt_aWTG Turbine Shaft Model A2 nd wtgar_aWTC Aero-dynamic Model A2 nd wtgpt_aWTG Pitch Controller Model A2 nd wtgtrq_aWTG Torque Controller Model A2 nd wt1p_bPitch Controller for type 1 WTG Model B2 nd wt1gType 1 WTG generator model1 st wt1tType 1 WTG turbine shaft model1 st wt2gType 2 WTG generator model1 st wt2eType 2 WTG variable external rotor resistance controller1 st wt2tType 2 WTG turbine shaft model1 st lhvrtlow/high voltage ride-through relay model1 st lhfrtlow/high frequency ride-through relay model1 st 11

12. The 2 nd Generation RES Models RESModel Combination Type 1 WTGwt1g, wt1t, wt1p_b Type 2 WTGwt2g, wt2e, wt2t, wt1p_b Type 3 WTGregc_a, reec_a, repc_a, wtgt_a, wtgar_a, wtgpt_a, wtgtrq_a Type 4 WTGregc_a, reec_a, repc_a (optional: wtgt_a) PV plantregc_a, reec_b (or reec_a), repc_a BESSregc_a, reec_c (optional: repc_a) 12

13. The 2 nd Generation RES Models 13

14. The 2 nd Generation RES Model: WTG Type 1 and Type 2 14

15. The 2 nd Generation RES Model: WTG Type 3 15

16. The 2 nd Generation RES Model: WTG Type 4 16

17. The 2 nd Generation RES Model: PV 17

18. References WECC 2 nd Generation WTG Model Specifications: https://www.wecc.biz/Reliability/WECC-Second-Generation- Wind-Turbine-Models-012314.pdf https://www.wecc.biz/Reliability/WECC-Second-Generation- Wind-Turbine-Models-012314.pdf WECC PV Model Specifications: https://www.wecc.biz/Reliability/WECC-Solar-PV-Dynamic- Model-Specification-September-2012.pdf https://www.wecc.biz/Reliability/WECC-Solar-PV-Dynamic- Model-Specification-September-2012.pdf WECC PV Modeling Guide: https://www.wecc.biz/Reliability/WECC%20Solar%20Plant%20Dyn amic%20Modeling%20Guidelines.pdf https://www.wecc.biz/Reliability/WECC%20Solar%20Plant%20Dyn amic%20Modeling%20Guidelines.pdf WECC WTG Modeling Guide: https://www.wecc.biz/Reliability/WECC%20Wind%20Plant%20Dyn amic%20Modeling%20Guidelines.pdf https://www.wecc.biz/Reliability/WECC%20Wind%20Plant%20Dyn amic%20Modeling%20Guidelines.pdf Model User Guide for Generic Renewable Energy System Models: http://www.epri.com/abstracts/Pages/ProductAbstract.aspx?Pro ductId=000000003002006525 http://www.epri.com/abstracts/Pages/ProductAbstract.aspx?Pro ductId=000000003002006525 18