1. Programming Language Basics

2. What is a Programming Language? “A computer, human-created language used to write instructions for a computer.” “An artificial language that enables people to instruct machines. Computer commands that form procedures by which software programmers design and implement computer software programs.” “A computer tool that allows a programmer to write commands in a format that is more easily understood or remembered by a person, and in such a way that they can be translated into codes that the computer can understand and execute.”

3. High Level vs. Low Level A high level programming language is one that is easy to learn and similar to English A low level programming language is more difficult to learn but more closely resembles what actually goes on inside a computer

4. Machine Code At the lowest level, we have machine code which consists of 0’s and 1’s Computers ultimately can only understand machine code Machine code can look something like what you saw in the movie The Matrix

5. 001010100010010001001000100101001010101 010100100100010101010010101011101010010 101110100010001010010111110100111010100 100010010101010110101011101010101100010 010101111101100100100011110101011101010 010100101010100101010001010100010010001 001000100101001010101010100100100010101 010010101011101010010101110100010001010 010111110100111010100100010010101010110 101011101010101100010010101111101100100 100011110101011101010010100101010100101 010101001111101110101100100111101001000 101001101000100000010111010011101111101 001001010010010101001010000100100010100

6. High Level Code On the other hand, high level language code is much easier for us to understand and write Examples of high level programming languages? Java, Visual Basic, C/C++, Turing, Fortran, Pascal

7. What High Level Code Looks Like in Turing if grade >= 60 then put “You passed!” else put “You failed!” end if

8. What High Level Code Looks Like in Java if (grade >= 60) { System.out.println(“You passed”); } else { System.out.println(“You failed”); }

9. The Compiler A compiler is a program that translates high level program code into low level machine code A compiler usually checks your high level code for syntax errors before translating it

10. compile if (grade >= 60) printf (“You passed!”); else printf (“You failed!”); High level code 0010101000100100 0100100010010100 1010101010010010 0100100010010100 1010101010010010 machine code