1. Copyright © 2013 SCKCEN Nuclear-physics applications of MYRRHA Lucia Popescu SCKCEN lpopescu@sckcen.be

2. Copyright © 2013 SCKCEN Outlook MYRRHA  Concept  Project  Applications Fundamental research: ISOL@MYRRHA 2Lucia Popescu(SCKCEN), Nuclear-physics applications of MYRRHA

3. Copyright © 2013 SCKCEN 3Lucia Popescu(SCKCEN), Nuclear-physics applications of MYRRHA MYRRHA - Concept subcritical fast reactor (LBE-cooled) lead fast reactor – innovative system high-power LBE spallation target high neutron flux fast neutron spectrum high-power linear accelerator CW, 600-MeV protons, up to 4 mA highly reliable (MTBF > 250 h, failure = beam trip >3s) Operation: - ADS mode - critical mode

4. Copyright © 2013 SCKCEN MYRRHA - Project 2010-2014 Front End Engineering Design 2019 On site assembly 2016-2018 Construction of components & civil engineering 2015 Tendering & Procurement 2020-2022 Commissioning 2023 Progressive start-up 2024- Full exploitation Investment costs (estimation 2009): 960 M€ Supported by the Belgian Government up to 40% A European project: on the ESFRI roadmap (Nov. 2010) on the ESNII roadmap (Nov. 2010) on the NuPECC roadmap (Dec. 2010) Timetable (2009): 4Lucia Popescu(SCKCEN), Nuclear-physics applications of MYRRHA

5. Copyright © 2013 SCKCEN MYRRHA - Applications M ultipurpose h Y brid R esearch R eactor for H igh-tech A pplications Waste 50 to 100 MWth F Fast = ~10 15 n/cm².s (En>0.75 MeV) Fusion F = 1 to 5.10 14 n/cm².s (ppm He/dpa ~ 10) in medium-large volumes Fission GEN IV Material research F Fast = 1 to 5.10 14 n/cm².s (En>1 MeV) in large volumes Fuel research Φ tot = 0.5 to 1.10 15 n/cm².s Radio- isotopes F th = 0.5 to 2.10 15 n/cm².s (En<0.4 eV) Silicon doping F th = 0.1 to 1.10 14 n/cm².s (En<0.4 eV) Fundamental research High energy LINAC 600 MeV – 1 GeV Long irradiation time 5Lucia Popescu(SCKCEN), Nuclear-physics applications of MYRRHA

6. Copyright © 2013 SCKCEN MYRRHA Reactor Core Accommodating Different Experiments E.g. of potential core configuration: 151 positions 37 multifunctional plugs 6Lucia Popescu(SCKCEN), Nuclear-physics applications of MYRRHA

7. Copyright © 2013 SCKCEN MYRRHA - Applications M ultipurpose h Y brid R esearch R eactor for H igh-tech A pplications Waste Fission GEN IV Fusion Fundamental research Silicon doping Radio- isotopes 50 to 100 MWth F Fast = ~10 15 n/cm².s (En>0.75 MeV) F = 1 to 5.10 14 n/cm².s (ppm He/dpa ~ 10) in medium-large volumes Material research F Fast = 1 to 5.10 14 n/cm².s (En>1 MeV) in large volumes Fuel research Φ tot = 0.5 to 1.10 15 n/cm².s F th = 0.5 to 2.10 15 n/cm².s (En<0.4 eV) F th = 0.1 to 1.10 14 n/cm².s (En<0.4 eV) High energy LINAC 600 MeV – 1 GeV Long irradiation time 7Lucia Popescu(SCKCEN), Nuclear-physics applications of MYRRHA

8. Copyright © 2013 SCKCEN Motivation for Transmutation spent fuel reprocessing no reprocessing Uranium natural Time (years) Relative radiotoxicity transmutation of spent fuel Duration Reduction 1.000x Volume Reduction 100x 8Lucia Popescu(SCKCEN), Nuclear-physics applications of MYRRHA

9. Copyright © 2013 SCKCEN MYRRHA - Applications M ultipurpose h Y brid R esearch R eactor for H igh-tech A pplications Waste Fission GEN IV Fusion Fundamental research Silicon doping Radio- isotopes 50 to 100 MWth F Fast = ~10 15 n/cm².s (En>0.75 MeV) F = 1 to 5.10 14 n/cm².s (ppm He/dpa ~ 10) in medium-large volumes Material research F Fast = 1 to 5.10 14 n/cm².s (En>1 MeV) in large volumes Fuel research Φ tot = 0.5 to 1.10 15 n/cm².s F th = 0.5 to 2.10 15 n/cm².s (En<0.4 eV) F th = 0.1 to 1.10 14 n/cm².s (En<0.4 eV) High energy LINAC 600 MeV – 1 GeV Long irradiation time 9Lucia Popescu(SCKCEN), Nuclear-physics applications of MYRRHA

10. Copyright © 2013 SCKCEN ISOL@MYRRHA - Concept  ECR 1+  Surface IS  RILIS + liquid targets 10Lucia Popescu(SCKCEN), Nuclear-physics applications of MYRRHA

11. Copyright © 2013 SCKCEN ISOL@MYRRHA - Expected Yields -intensities ~100 x I RIB at ISOLDE today 11Lucia Popescu(SCKCEN), Nuclear-physics applications of MYRRHA

12. Copyright © 2013 SCKCEN 12Lucia Popescu(SCKCEN), Nuclear-physics applications of MYRRHA ISOL@MYRRHA - Applications Catalogue -Prioritize experimental programmes in need of high RIB intensity & extended beam time -ISOL applications – in red, ISOL@MYRRHA applications:

13. Copyright © 2013 SCKCEN Atomic Physics QED tests in the strong-field limit of HCI Use of atomic physics techniques  Interest in laser- and radiofrequency-spectroscopy with: High sensitivity (study of weakly-produced beams) Resonance-ionization spectroscopy experiments with MOTs Laser-Ion Source Trap (LIST) for ultra-high selectivity High precision (observing weak effects) Collinear spectroscopy experiments with MOTs experiments with electron beam ion trap EBIT (highly- charged ions) and Penning traps 13Lucia Popescu(SCKCEN), Nuclear-physics applications of MYRRHA

14. Copyright © 2013 SCKCEN Nuclear Physics  -decay spectroscopy of exotic nuclei Interest in small  -decay branches GTGR  -delayed (multi-)particle emission; Cluster decay Decay of ‘Halo’ nuclei High-precision measurements and/or experiments with inherent limited detection efficiency E.g. :  -ray crystal spectrometer with a bent-crystal geometry (cf. GAMS5 - ILL) Need strong sources and high statistics B. Jonson and K. Riisager, NPA 693 (2001) 77. 14Lucia Popescu(SCKCEN), Nuclear-physics applications of MYRRHA

15. Copyright © 2013 SCKCEN Fundamental Interactions High-precision experiments needing long beam times Data taking (statistics) Calibration, systematic errors Potential topics  Ft (0 +  0 + Fermi Transitions)  Correlation measurements  Neutral atoms Conserved vector current hypothesis Unitarity of CKM quark mixing matrix Right-handed currents Scalar currents Tensor currents Parity violation Time reversal invariance Parity violation Time reversal invariance 15Lucia Popescu(SCKCEN), Nuclear-physics applications of MYRRHA

16. Copyright © 2013 SCKCEN 16Lucia Popescu(SCKCEN), Nuclear-physics applications of MYRRHA Solid-State Physics & Biology M. Xu et al., Journal of Magnetic Resonance 191 (2008) 47 U. Wahl et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 524 (2004) 245 8 Li  -NMR at TRIUMF 8 Li  -NMR Emission Channeling Higher yield: more suitable isotopes and several new probe elements become available Long and frequent beam access: more detailed systematic studies become possible Direct information on the lattice site of impurity atoms with high sensitivity and precision:  Understand the effect of impurity atoms and the influence of lattice defects  Understand electrical, magnetic, and optical properties Production of polarized 8 Li –circularly polarized laser light –asymmetry in  -decay of 8 Li Deposit 8 Li on surface or in bulk (energy variation) RF spec.: frequency and line shape - interaction between solid and 8 Li Better understanding of both bulk and interface properties (thin films of multiferroic materials; structural and magnetic properties of diluted magnetic semiconductors; …)

17. Copyright © 2013 SCKCEN 17Lucia Popescu(SCKCEN), Nuclear-physics applications of MYRRHA Medical Applications Conventional cancer treatments: Surgery Radiation therapy Combination of radiation and surgery Chemotherapy Beginning of: Systematic radio-nuclide therapy Tumor-seeking tracer labeled with  emitter Range of  emitters: 30-80  m (cell surgery) Important criteria: Half-life Radio-toxicity of daughter isotopes Bio-kinetics (in-vivo stability of tumor- seeking tracer) Affordable production price Reliable supply 149 Tb Burkitt-lymphoma cancer study on mice: (G.J. Beyer et al., Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 31 (2004) 547) Tumor-seeking tracer: Rituximab Radio-isotope: 149 Tb 70-kg patient sample (5 GBq): 0.6-GeV p + Ta: ~1.5h/sample (~6000 per year) 1-GeV p + Ta: ~0.6h/sample (~15000 per year) (Courtesy D. Pauwels, SCKCEN)

18. Copyright © 2013 SCKCEN MYRRHA: EXPERIMENTAL ACCELERATOR DRIVEN SYSTEM A pan-European, innovative and unique facility at Mol (BE) ISOL facility 18Lucia Popescu(SCKCEN), Nuclear-physics applications of MYRRHA

19. Copyright © 2013 SCKCEN Acknowledgements MYRRHA 19Lucia Popescu(SCKCEN), Nuclear-physics applications of MYRRHA

20. Copyright © 2013 SCKCEN Acknowledgements BriX-network partners: especially IKS-K.U.Leuven TRIUMF LIEBE collaboration EURISOL collaboration ISOL@MYRRHA 20Lucia Popescu(SCKCEN), Nuclear-physics applications of MYRRHA

21. Copyright © 2013 SCKCEN Copyright © 2013 - SCK  CEN PLEASE NOTE! This presentation contains data, information and formats for dedicated use ONLY and may not be copied, distributed or cited without the explicit permission of the SCKCEN. If this has been obtained, please reference it as a “personal communication. By courtesy of SCKCEN”. SCKCEN Studiecentrum voor Kernenergie Centre d'Etude de l'Energie Nucléaire Belgian Nuclear Research Centre Stichting van Openbaar Nut Fondation d'Utilité Publique Foundation of Public Utility Registered Office: Avenue Herrmann-Debrouxlaan 40 – BE-1160 BRUSSELS Operational Office: Boeretang 200 – BE-2400 MOL