1. Attributions Quotation Marks Parenthetical Citations

2.  Signal to your reader that you are now using source material, not your own thoughts, to communicate an idea.

3.  Give context about the source and/or author.

4.  Signal to your reader that you are now using source material, not your own thoughts, to communicate an idea.  Give context about the source and/or author.  Demonstrate that the source or author are credible and trustworthy.

5. Example 1: In the June 17 issue of Time Magazine, Joe Klein says... This writer gives the attribution before the quote - names the magazine that published Klein’s article and gives the publication date.

6. Example 2: “It’s very important,” says Tim Barnett, a marine physicist at Scripps... This writer gives the attribution after the quote – names the author and states his profession, establishing his expertise.

7. Example 3: Amy Chua, a law professor and businesswoman, argues that... This writer gives the attribution before the quote – names the author, but not the author’s text, and gives the author’s experience.

8. Example 4: In Into the Wild, Jon Krakauer claims that... This writer gives the attribution before the quote and names the author’s text.

9. Example 5: In his article “Behind the Story,” James Scott, Director of Agrarian Studies at Yale University, states that... This attribution is before the quote – gives author’s name, title of his work, and his experience.

10. When to use quotation marks? Use quotation marks around source material that has been taken directly, word for word, from a text to indicate that the words are not yours but came from another source. Remember, both quotes and paraphrased material require citations.

11. Authorpage #... the answer is simple: “self esteem” (Crawford 43). no punctuation inside the period quotation (except ? Or !) comes after parentheses

12. According to Crawford, the answer is “self-esteem” (43). author’s nameno author’s name