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No, they won’t infect you…… Celline Kim----------------------Final Presentation-----------------------------------2009
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http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Influenza-2009-cases.png/350px- Influenza-2009-cases.png
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http://s.wsj.net/public/resources/images/NA-AX653D_NUMBG_NS_20090512230421.gif
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Influenza A virus
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Novosad, 2002 Acta Medica Journal http://twocw.educities.edu.tw/cocw/mit/NR/rdonlyres/Health-Sciences-and-Technology/HST- 176Fall-2005/CDAE7761-966D-4287-B0E0-F327299C6584/0/chp_apopmicro.jpg
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Moran, 1996 Journal of Virology Interleukin-4 can inhibit antiviral immune response in spleen cells
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Yao, 2004 Environmental Toxicology & Pharmacology 4-NP increases apoptotic death of thymocytes Reduced fas ligand gene expression in rats
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Brydak, 2000 Supportive Care in Cancer Women with breast cancer develop a good response to influenza vaccine Greater production of antibodies after vaccination that before
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Influenza A Immune System 4-NP Suppresses Stimulates -Inflammation -Optimal environment - may reduce viral potency - Immune defense - prevents the “boost” 4-NP -Lose optimal environment-Lose vital immune stimulation
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Novosad J, Fiala Z, Borska L, Krejsek J. Immunosuppressive effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by induction of apoptosis of pre-B lymphocytes of bone marrow. Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove). 2002;45(4):123–128. Eva C. Bonefeld-Jørgensen, 1 Manhai Long, 1 Marlene V. Hofmeister, 1 and Anne Marie Vinggaard. Endocrine-Disrupting Potential of Bisphenol A, Bisphenol A Dimethacrylate, 4-n-Nonylphenol, and 4-n-Octylphenol in Vitro: New Data and a Brief Review. Environ Health Perspect. 2007 December; 115(S-1): 69–76. Bonefeld-Jorgensen EC, Ayotte P. AMAP Assessment 2002: Human Health in the Arctic. Oslo, Norway: Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme; 2003. Toxicological properties of POPs and related health effects of concern for the Arctic populations; pp. 57–74. Bjornstrom L, Sjoberg M. Mechanisms of estrogen receptor signaling: convergence of genomic and nongenomic actions on target genes. Mol Endocrinol. 2005;19(4):833–842. Fries, E., Puttmann, W. The dissipation, distribution and fate of a branched C14-nonylphenol isomer in lake water/sediment systems. Hoponick, Jenny. Nonylphenol Ethoxylates. Sierra Club. 2005. Jung, Mi Young, Kim, Tae Sung. Differential modulation of regulatory T cell activities by nonylphenol, octylphenol, and diethylstilbestrol. The Journal of Immunology. 2009. 182:47.3. The American Association of Immunologists. Yao, Genhong, and Hou, Yayi. Nonylphenol induces thymocyte apoptosis through Fas/FasL pathway by mimicking estrogen in vivo. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology. May 2004. Volume 17, Issue 1. P. 19-27. Moran, TM, Isobe, H, Fernandez-Sesma, A, Schulman, JL. Interleukin-4 causes delayed virus clearance in influenza virus-infected mice. Department of Microbiology. Journal of Virology. August 1996, 5230-5235. Vol 70, No.8. Ludwig, S, Ehrhardt, C, Neumeier, E.R., Kracht, M., Rapp, U.R., Pleschka, S. Influenza virus-induced AP-1-dependent gene expression requires activation of the JNK signaling pathway. Journal of Biology and Chemistry. April 2001. Vol. 276, Issue 14, 10990- 10998. Bibliography
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