1. ENERGY & LIFE Ch. 8

2. _____________ can make their own food using energy from sunlight. Ex: Green plants, a few bacteria AUTOTROPHS Recall from Ecology

3. Remember from Ecology __________________ get energy by consuming other organisms Ex: Animals, fungi, most bacteria HETEROTROPHS

4. WHAT DO CELLS USE ENERGY FOR ? ACTIVE TRANSPORT Na+ - K + PUMP Endocytosis Exocytosis Remember from Chapter 7

5. WHAT DO CELLS USE ENERGY FOR ? Movement Synthesis of biomolecules Reproduction

6. ATP Image by: Riedell ONE SPECIAL KIND of NUCLEOTIDE is used by cells to store and transport ENERGY

7. CELLS USE ATP TO STORE and RELEASE ENERGY ATP = __________________________ Adenosine triphosphate ____ PHOSPHATE GROUPS 3

8. ATP can change into ADP ADP = __________________________ Adenosine diphosphate ____ PHOSPHATE GROUPS 2

9. ATP → ____ + ____ + ATP releases energy stored in a high energy chemical bond by removing the phosphate and becoming ADP ADP

10. ADP + ___ + ________ → ___ The energy to do this comes from ____________ like _____________ Cells ________ energy by adding the phosphate back on to ADP to make ATP. ATP It’s like recharging the battery ! STORE FOODSGLUCOSE

11. Research into PHOTOSYNTHESIS began centuries ago with this simple question: When a tiny seed grows into a huge plant, where does all the “new plant” come from?

12. EXPERIMENTS TO FIND OUT Then he planted the seedling in the pot and watered it regularly. At the end of 5 years the _____________ __________about 75 kg, but the mass of the _________ was almost ________________. He decided the “increase in plant” had to come from the ________… that was the only thing he had added! In 1643- a Belgian physician ___________________ determined the mass of a pot of dry soil and a small seedling. Jan van Helmont seedling had gained soil unchanged WATER

13. EXPERIMENTS TO FIND OUT Plants use _______ and ______ dioxide to make ___________________ http://www2.nsta.org/Energy/find/primer/primer2_3.html Van Helmont didn’t realize the major contribution to the mass of his tree was something he couldn’t see… __________________ from the air. carbon dioxide watercarbon Carbohydrates

14. In addition to water and carbon dioxide, __________________ and __________________ are needed for photosynthesis to happen. chlorophyll light energy

15. PHOTOSYNTHESIS: Reactants & Products LIGHT ENERGY 6CO 2 + 6H 2 OSUGAR + 6O 2

16. Many people think that plants are green because they absorb and use green light in photosynthesis, BUT.... Myth:

17. BUT… We “see” reflected light Light wavelengths that are ___________ off of objects bounce back to our eyes. That is the ___________ we “see” REFLECTED COLOR

18. The dye in this T shirt absorbs all of the colors __________________________ Red wavelengths are _________________ to your eyes and the shirt looks RED except red reflected GO CATS!

19. The main energy absorbing molecule in green plants is ___________________ _________________ are plant pigments too. (These look yellow, orange, and red) CAROTENOIDS http://www.russianflora.com/store/images/product/custom_green_plant_35.jpg CHLOROPHYLL

20. GREEN leaves have BOTH chlorophyll AND carotenoids __________________ but the huge amount of chlorophyll ______ the other colors and leaves usually look green ALL THE TIME hides

21. In ______, chlorophyll production slows as the trees shut down and photosynthesis stops for winter. FALL

22. Then we can see the carotinoid colors that are usually _______ by chlorophyll http://www.litzsinger.org/weblog/archives/email%20AutumnTrees5%20LREC%20102605.jpg HIDDEN

23. PHOTOSYNTHESIS HAPPENS IN CHLOROPLASTS = sac-like photosynthetic = stack of thylakoids membranes inside chloroplast THYLAKOIDS GRANUM (pl. grana)

24. Factors that Affect Photosynthesis ____________________ Water is one of the raw materials needed, so A shortage of water can ________________ photosynthesis AMOUNT OF WATER Desert plants and conifers that live in dry conditions have a waxy coating on their leaves to prevent water loss. slow or stop

25. THE BIG PICTURE PHOTOSYNTHESIS provides the _____________ we breathe and the __________ heterotrophs (like us) consume to survive _____________ + ____________ _______________ + ____________ Carbon dioxide WATER Sugars Oxygen OXYGEN sugars