1. Rough Draft What is the purpose behind a rough draft of a paper? What is the purpose behind a rough draft of a paper? Does the concept of a “rough draft” relate to anything besides a paper? Does the concept of a “rough draft” relate to anything besides a paper?

2. The Road to the Constitution

3. Review of Previously Learned Material

4. Experimenting with a Confederation  The kind of government which would be established to replace the British system was as vital to delegates as independence itself.  Wanted to prevent the reappearance of any centralized authority which they associated with the British governmental system.

5. Republicanism  Government system in which the people elected the government officials  True Democracies put the government in the hands of the uneducated  Colonist felt loyalty to the Colony in which they lived  It was difficult to get each colony under the same plan

6. State Constitutions  Each state developed its own Constitution  Freedom of Speech, Religion, Press  Emphasized liberty  Limited power of centralized government  Questions about National Government Emerged  Equal Representation among States?  Representation based on State Populations?

7. Articles of Confederation UnitaryConfederationFederal Definition: One central government controls weaker states. Power is not shared between states, counties, or provinces. Definition: A weak or loose organization of states agrees to follow a central government. Nations can choose to follow or not follow the lead of the weak central government. Definition: Power is shared by a powerful central government and states or provinces that are given considerable self-rule, usually through their own legislatures. Examples: China, United Kingdom (although Scotland has been granted self-rule). The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), formerly known as the Soviet Union. Also, Switzerland's canton system and the Confederate States of America (1861-1865) The United States, Australia, the Federal Republic of Germany.

8. Articles of Confederation  Power Split among State and Central Gov’t  Duties of Central Government  Declare War  Make Peace  Sign Treaties  Borrow Money  Deal with Native Americans  Settle Differences Between Two or More States  Support a Military Force Requested by the States

9. Dealing with Western Lands  All Claims to Western States went to the Gov’t  Northwest Ordinance of 1787  Congress Appoints Territorial Governor  Once Population Reached 5,000 Free Settlers Could Elect Own Government  Population of 60,000 Free Settlers: Permanent Constitution  Constitution Had to be Approved by Congress

10. Weakness of the Articles of Confederation  Weak Central Government  Congress Had NO Power to Tax or Regulate Commerce  There was NO Common Currency Between States  Each State Had 1 Vote Regardless of Population  NO Executive or Judicial Departments to Carry Out & Interpret Laws

11. Problems With the Articles of Confederation  NO National Unity  13 Individual States; NOT 1 United Country  1 State, 1 Vote  Amendments to the Articles Required All 13 States  Which was virtually impossible to obtain due to separate interests among the states.  Laws Required 9 States (2/3 majority)  Changes Would be Rare

12. Problems With the Articles of Confederation  Expenses "incurred for the common defense and welfare" were to be paid by the national government.  States, However, Were Asked to Contribute Rather Than Required to Pay Allotments into the National Treasury.  Debt from Revolution  Owed $190 Million  Congress Wanted States to Approve Taxes to Pay of Debt  Plan Was Rejected by Rhode Island

14. Homework In a short essay answer the following questions: What would the United States be like today if we still had the Articles of Confederation? What would the United States be like today if we still had the Articles of Confederation? What do you think the Constitution will do to fix the problems with the Articles of Confederation? What do you think the Constitution will do to fix the problems with the Articles of Confederation? How does the concept of a “Rough Draft” relate to the Articles of Confederation? How does the concept of a “Rough Draft” relate to the Articles of Confederation?