2. Ecology Human Activities 7/9/2016 SB4d1

3. Standard  Students will assess the dependence of all organisms on one another and the flow of energy and matter within their ecosystems  Assess and explain human activities that influence and modify the environment such as global warming, population growth, pesticide use, and water and power consumption 7/9/2016 SB4d 2

4. Essential Question  What will happen when humans have irreparably altered an ecosystem and ultimately the Earth? 7/9/2016 SB4d 3

5. Natural Resources  Raw materials that support life on Earth 7/9/2016 SB4d 4

6. Renewable Resources 7/9/2016 SB4d 5  Materials that can be regrown or replenished  Forests  Wildlife  Soil  Could lead to an energy crisis in the future

7. Nonrenewable Resources 7/9/2016 SB4d 6  Materials that cannot be regrown or replenished  Fresh water  Fossil fuels  Minerals  Used quicker than they can form

8. Resource Management  Earth’s resources must be used responsibly.  Careless use of resources makes them unavailable to future generations.  Easter Island is an example of irresponsible resource use.

9. Ecological Footprint The land must produce and maintain enough  food and water  shelter  energy  Waste Affected by  amount and efficiency of resource use  amount and toxicity of waste produced

10. Pollution  Any undesirable factor added to the air, water, or soil  Gases, chemicals, heat, garbage, and noise  Materials that cause pollution are pollutants 7/9/2016 SB4d 9

11. Smog 7/9/2016 SB4d 10  Smog is one type of air pollution.  sunlight interacts with pollutants in the air  pollutants produced by fossil fuel emissions  made of particulates and ground-level ozone

12. Consequences of pollution  Acid rain  Endangering or extinction of animals  Contamination of environment  Poor air quality  Disease 7/9/2016 SB4d 11

13. Acid Rain  Acid rain is rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic. It has harmful effects on plants, aquatic animals and buildings. 7/9/2016 SB4d 12

14. Greenhouse Effect Cause-  Burning fossil fuels in cars and power stations produces carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide and other greenhouse gases Effects-  carbon dioxide traps heat in the atmosphere and causes the temperature of the earth to rise.  This leads to disruption of the weather patterns eg. drought, floods 7/9/2016 SB4d 13

15. Global Warming 7/9/2016 SB4d 14  A term used to describe the increase in the average temperature of the biosphere. Caused by the addition of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide to the atmosphere

16. Water Pollution  Pollution can put entire freshwater ecosystems at risk.

17. Indicator Species  Indicate the health of an ecosystem  Top predators and amphibians

18. Biomagnification  Pollutants can move up the food chain.  predators eat contaminated prey  pollution accumulates at each stage of the food chain  Top consumers are most affected

19. Habitat Fragmentation 7/9/2016 SB4d 18  Habitat fragmentation prevents an organism from accessing its entire home range.  occurs when a barrier forms within the habitat  often caused by human development  Habitat corridors can allow these species to move between habitats

20. Introduced species  An introduced species is one that is brought to an ecosystem by humans.  accidental  Purposeful  Invasive species can have an environmental and economic impact.  Can push out native species Python in Florida

21. Sustainable Use 7/9/2016 SB4d 20  Sustainable development meets needs without hurting future generations.  resources meet current needs  resources will still be available for future use

22. Umbrella Species  The Endangered Species Act works to protect individual species from extinction.  A listed species is often called an umbrella species.  the habitat in which the species lives must be protected  Species that share the ecosystem are protected as well

23. EPA  The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was created in 1970.  The EPA develops policies and regulations to protect the environment.  Legislation helps to protect the environment and endangered species.  Clean Air Act  Clean Water Act  Endangered Species Act

24. How can you help?  control population growth  develop sustainable technology and practices  protect and maintain ecosystems