1. Westward Expansion

2. Indian Assimilation The reservation system  poor farming lands American Indian Citizenship  Elk v. Wilkins (1884) The Dawes Act (1887)  reduced land holdings

3. Indian Assimilation “Kill the Indian, Save the man” Education Carlisle Boarding School, Pennsylvania, 1879

4. Indian Wars “You might as well expect all rivers to run backward as that any man who was born a free man should be contented penned up and denied liberty to go where he pleases…If you pen an Indian up on a small spot of earth and compel him to stay there, he will not be contented nor will he grow and prosper.” - Chief Joseph

5. Indian Wars o Sitting Bull o Buffalo Soldiers

6. Indian Wars “The religious excitement aggravated by almost starvation is bearing fruits in this state of insubordination; Indians say they had better die fighting than to die a slow death of starvation, and as the new religion promises their return to earth, at the coming of the millennium, they have no fear of death.” - E.B. Reynolds Special U.S. Indian Agent

7. Massacre at Wounded Knee, December 1890 ● Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota ● Ghost Dance ● 150-250 Sioux killed

8. Westward Expansion “The whole Sioux Nation was wounded at that last terrible massacre, and we’ve been suffering ever since. It’s true we have our own ways of healing ourselves from the genocidal wound, but there is just so much historical trauma, so much pain, so much death,” -Alex White Plume (2012), photo by Aaron Huey

9. The American Indian in American Culture

10. The Western Frontier Frederick Jackson Turner & the Frontier thesis (1893) Homestead Act, 1862 Rough living in the West

11. “In all the years we spent there we could never see a neighbor’s light in the evening. I did so much wish we could, to relieve the loneliness.” - Kansas Woman “250 miles to the nearest post office; 100 miles to wood; 20 miles to water; 6 inches to hell…Gone to live with the wife’s folks” - words found in an empty Texas cabin

12. Impact of Railroads Impact of the Homestead Act Westward Expansion

13. The Cowboy ● The cattle drive ● Cattle towns ● Life of the Cowboy ● Closing the frontier ● Myth of the cowboy Boom town similar to places like Abilene, Dodge City, andWichita

14. The Virginian Nat Love The Cowboy Novel written by Owen Wister, 1902 “Deadwood Dick” Life and Adventures of Nat Love, 1907

15. The Virginian 1929 Film, Starring Gary Cooper

16. Darling Corey Wake up, wake up, Darling Corey What makes you sleep so sound? The revenue officers a'commin' They’re gonna tear your still- house down. Well the last time I seen Darling Corey Was on the banks of the deep blue sea Two pistols around her body And a banjo on her knee. Wake up, wake up, darling Corey And go get me my gun I ain’t no man for trouble But I’ll die before I run. Go dig a hole in the meddow Go and dig a hole in the ground Go dig a hole in the meddow Gonna lay darling Corey down.

17. Unlawfulness Myth & Reality Jesse James Billy the Kid Wild Bill Hickock

18. Tourism Southern California Tourism begins in 1880s

19. Westward Expansion Key terms: Elk v. Wilkins, Dawes Act, Carlisle Indian School, Buffalo Bill Cody, Frontier thesis, Dodge City, The Virginian, Wild Bill Hickock, Buffalo Soldiers, Chief Joseph, Wounded Knee