1. Ross Chapter Five p. 56 Found in begadkepat letters; gives hard/plosive sound

2. Ross p. 57 A dot in a begadkephat letter is always pronounced hard but a dot in a begadkephat letter and most other letters can indicate that the letter is to be doubled This doubling dot is called a dageš forte It can double any letter except gutturals and reš A doubling dot ( f orte) f ollows a vowel sound

3. Ross pp. 57f The daleth cannot be hard because it follows a vowel that should “soften” [aspirate] the sound = _____________________ Summary ( f orte f ollows a vowel)

4. Ross p. 58 ( This discussion merely says that sometimes you will find a dagesh where you do not expect it at the beginning of a word. It will not double the letter and serves perhaps only to ensure that the “dageshed” letter is fully pronounced. If you remember that you need not remember all the conditions that cause it. ) A dagesh forte might begin a word When it is the 2 nd of two connected words & The 1 st ends in qamets, qamets he’ or segol he’ & The 2 nd word is accented on the first syllable What 5.3 says

5. Ross p. 58 ( This discussion merely says that sometimes you will find a dagesh forte where you do not expect it at the beginning of a word. It will not double the letter and serves perhaps only to ensure that the “dageshed” letter is fully pronounced. If you remember that you need not remember all the conditions that cause it. ) A dagesh forte might begin a word When it is the 2 nd of two connected words & The 1 st ends in qamets, qamets he’ or segol he’ & The 2 nd word is accented on the first syllable What you need to know

6. Ross p. 59 A he’ + pathach + doubling dot

7. Ross p. 59

8. Ross p. 60 God revealed His name as YHWH (Yahweh) When they saw that form Jews would say “My Lord” (perhaps = “supreme Lord”) When they began using vowel markings in the text they put the vowels of ’adonay on the letters YHWH So the name of God would not be uttered. Yahowah =