2. Page 1 Page 1 Dynamic Provisioning and Survivability in Hybrid Circuit/Packet Optical Networks DoE New Projects Kick-Off Meeting Chicago, Sept 28-29 2009 Biswanath Mukherjee* and Massimo Tornatore *Child Family Endowed Chair Professor Department of Computer Science University of California, Davis mukherje@cs.ucdavis.edu http://networks.cs.ucdavis.edu/~mukherje

3. Page 2 Page 2 Outline Protection: motivation, definition, approaches Multi-layer protection –ESNET Our research –Combining packet and circuits –Multilayer protection in mixed-line-rate (MLR) networks

4. Page 3 Page 3 Fault Management “ Tutorial ” Fault-Management Schemes Backup resources (routes and wavelengths) are precomputed and reserved in advance Backup resources are dynamically discovered after failure occurs Guaranteed recovery Guaranteed recovery Shorter recovery time Shorter recovery time Backup resources “wasted” Backup resources “wasted” (unless alloted to preemptable traffic) (unless alloted to preemptable traffic) No guarantee on recovery No guarantee on recovery (backup resources may not be found) (backup resources may not be found) Longer recovery time Longer recovery time Suitable for lower layers (Lambda Routing, MPLS) Suitable for Layer 3 (IP packet switching) ProtectionRestoration Ring Protection Mesh Protection APS ( Automatic Protection S/w ) APS ( Automatic Protection S/w ) SHR (Self-Healing Rings) SHR (Self-Healing Rings) Protection Mesh Protection

5. Page 4 Page 4  1+1  1:1  M:N  0:1 Not preemptable  0:1 Preemptable Fault Management “ Tutorial ” 1 23 5 4 6 1+1 Protection primary backup Both primary and backup are carrying “live” traffic 1 23 5 4 6 1:1 Protection primary backup Backup activated after failure detected…normally, can carry other low-priority preemptable traffic “Multiplexed” protection… more efficient than 1:1 M:N Protection 1 23 5 4 6 primary 1 7 9 A 8 primary 2 share the Backup b/w on link (6,5) Different categories of recovery…  “X ms” guaranteed recovery time moreexpensivelessexpensive

6. Page 5 Page 5 b OTN LAYER IP LAYER a c d A B D C E ROUTER OXC Legenda: Multilayer Architecture

7. Page 6 Page 6 Multilayer protection Why resilience in multilayer networks? –Avoid contention between different single-layer recovery schemes. –Promote cooperation and sharing of spare capacity

8. Page 7 Page 7 Protection-at-lightpath vs. Protection-at-connection

9. Page 8 Page 8 Multilayer Protection: dedicated vs. shared Dedicated Protection (PAC): –Protection at connection level –Working and backup paths are groomed on physically disjoint paths (single or multi hops) Shared Protection (SPAC): –Protection at connection level –Physical sharing of backup wavelength, iff working paths are failure disjoint -C. Ou, K. Zhu, H. Zang, J. Zhang, H. Zhu, L. H. Sahasrabuddhe, and B. Mukherjee. Traffic Grooming for Survivable WDM Networks Dedicated Protection. IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Networking, vol. 3, pp. 50–74, Jan. 2004. - C. Ou, K. Zhu, H. Zang, L. H. Sahasrabuddhe and B. Mukherjee. Traffic Grooming for Survivable WDM Networks Shared Protection. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 21, pp. 1367–1383, Nov. 2003.

10. Page 9 Page 9 Protection at Connection (PAC) 2 1 4 3 A B ED 5 C Virtual Topology Physical Topology c 1 : 5→2 c 2 : 5→3

11. Page 10 Page 10 Separated Protection at Connection (SPAC) 2 1 4 3 A B ED 5 C c 1 : 5→2 c 2 : 5→3 SHARED λ Virtual Topology Physical Topology

12. Page 11 Page 11 7/10/20167/10/2016 Two main challenges I.Investigate hybrid IP/optical network architectures that manage massive data flows, effectively combining packet and circuit switching technologies; II.Solve new multi-layer traffic engineering problems that jointly address traffic aggregation and protection in optical WDM networks in mixed line rate networks;

13. Page 12 Page 12 Las Vegas Seattle Sunnyvale LA San Diego Raleigh Jacksonville KC El Paso Albuq. Tulsa Clev Boise Wash. DC Salt Lake City Port. Baton Rouge Houston Pitts New York Boston Atlanta Nashville ESnet Science Data Network (SDN) core (N X 10G)‏ International IP Connections Layer 1 optical nodes ESnet IP switch/router hubs ESnet SDN switch hubs StarLight 20G USLHC Philadelphia Denver LHC/CERN Chicago ESnet IP core MAN LAN (AofA)‏ ES Network

14. Page 13 Page 13 Objective “Our novel hybrid network architectures will allow both circuit and packet technologies to co- exist side-by-side on the same network, each addressing the unique needs of its applications, but partitioning of the network resources across circuit and packet technologies is dynamic.”

15. Page 14 Page 14 7/10/20167/10/2016 Research on hybrid packet/circuit networks 1)Network Survivability Survivable IP Topology Design with Re-use of Backup Wavelength Capacity 2)Congestion Mitigation with Re-use of Backup Wavelength Capacity

16. Page 15 Page 15 IP-over-WDM Networks 7/10/2016, Source: Massimo Tonatore IP Layer Optical Layer OXC IP Router IP Services Wavelength Services Logical Topology IP Topology Physical Topology

17. Page 16 Page 16 Mapping IP Connections over Optical Layer 7/10/20167/10/2016 7/10/2016, Source: Massimo Tornatore OXC IP Router IP Layer Optical Layer

18. Page 17 Page 17 7/10/2016 7/10/2016, Source: Massimo Tornatore OXC IP Layer Optical Layer IP Router P B B Provisioning Wavelength Connections

19. Page 18 Page 18 Other Research Project on IP-over-WDM Networks Coronet: DARPA Project Design and Engineer IP over WDM backbone networks –Scalability Up to 100Tb/s of aggregate source traffic Flows range from 10Mb/s to 800 Gb/s –Agility Numerous types (best effort, guaranteed IP, wavelength)‏ Varying setup times (100ms, 2sec, hours, days)‏ 7/10/2016

20. Page 19 Page 19 Motivation Wavelength backup circuits are generally idle With 100G transmission systems in future, it is a huge resource wastage Idle wavelength backup circuits can be used to provision preemptible IP services 7/10/2016

21. Page 20 Page 20 7/10/2016 Motivation Wavelength backup circuits are generally idle With 100G transmission systems in future, it is a huge resource wastage Idle wavelength backup circuits can be used to provision preemptible IP services 7/10/2016 How does it affect survivability ?

22. Page 21 Page 21 7/10/2016 IP Layer Optical Layer OXC IP Router B B P IP Illustrative Example

23. Page 22 Page 22 7/10/20167/10/2016 IP Layer Optical Layer OXC IP Router B B Illustrative Example

24. Page 23 Page 23 Survivability IP layer Ensure that the logical topology is always connected Every router must be able to each every other router in the logical topology In case of physical fiber link failure, the IP router can restore using standard IP layer protocols Optical layer Each wavelength circuit is protected by a link disjoint backup circuit 7/10/2016 1 2 3 4 5 P P B B B

25. Page 24 Page 24 Survivable Mapping: Illustration 7/10/2016 S = {1}, N L -S = {2,3,4,5}. Logical connections (1, 3) and (2, 1) belong to cut-set. Routing 1: E(1, 3) = {(1, 5), (5, 3)}, E(2, 1) = {(1,2)}, Survivable Routing 2: E(1,3) = {(1,2), (2, 3)}, E(2,1) = {(1,2)}, Not Survivable Logical Topology Routing - 1 Routing - 2 (1,3) 1 23 4 5 (5,2) (3,4) (4,5) (2,1) (1,3) 1 23 4 5 (5,2) (3,4) (4,5) (2,1) (1,3)

26. Page 25 Page 25 Survivable IP Topology Design with Re-use of Wavelength Backup Capacity (1) To better utilize idle backup capacity Loan idle backup circuits of wavelength services to IP services In failure of primary circuit, IP traffic over the backup circuit is pre-empted Backup circuit is released Pre-empted IP traffic is routed over alternate paths To find alternate paths, the IP topology must remain connected at all times Survivable IP topology design with re-usage of backup capacity 7/10/2016

27. Page 26 Page 26 Survivable IP Topology Design with Re-use of Wavelength Backup Capacity (2) We study three approaches  Scheme I: Separation of capacity for IP and WL services  No re-use of backup wavelength capacity for IP demands  New lightpath for each IP demand  Ensures survivability of IP services  Scheme II: Mixing of capacity for IP and WL services  Uses wavelength (WL) backup circuits for serving IP demands  Maximize resource utilization at the expense of survivability of IP services  Scheme III: Mixing of capacity for IP and WL services ensuring survivability  Uses idle wavelength (WL) backup circuits for serving IP demands  It ensures survivability of IP services 7/10/2016

28. Page 27 Page 27 Solution 1. Separated capacity Logical topology Scheme I solution Background wavelength traffic on physical topology 1 23 4 6 5 6 P P B B B B 1 23 4 6 5 6 IP New lightpaths for each IP service demand Does not utilize the idle backup wavelength circuits Total wavelengths channels used are 12 (6 WL + 6 IP) Ensures survivability

29. Page 28 Page 28 Solution 2. Maximize resource utilization 7/10/2016 Logical topology Scheme II solution Uses wavelength backup circuits Uses backup circuits for IP demands 1-2 and 1-5 Total wavelength channels used are 9 (6 WL + 3 IP) It may not ensure survivability of IP services 1 23 4 6 5 6 P P B B B B Background wavelength traffic on physical topology 1 2 3 4 6 5 6 B B IP B B

30. Page 29 Page 29 7/10/2016 Logical topology Scheme III solution Scheme III solution does not choose the backup path (1-2) Total number of wavelengths used are 10 (6 WL + 4 IP) Survivable Background wavelength traffic on physical topology 1 23 4 6 5 6 P P B B B B 1 2 3 4 6 5 6 B B IP Solution 3. Maximize resource utilization, preserving survivability

31. Page 30 Page 30 7/10/20167/10/2016 Two main challenges I.Investigate hybrid IP/optical network architectures that manage massive data flows, effectively combining packet and circuit switching technologies; II.Solve new multi-layer traffic engineering problems that jointly address traffic aggregation and protection in optical WDM networks in mixed line rate networks;

32. Page 31 Page 31 Why MLR Design? Optical transmission systems are migrating from 10G towards 40G and 100G Tradeoffs: –Higher bit-rate –Volume discount MLR design –Promises to address these tradeoffs –Serves heterogeneity in traffic granularities –Higher Cost –Shorter Reach VS

33. Page 32 Page 32 Multilayer protection in MLR networks Each node can have transponders of different line rates Same fiber can carry different line rates on different wavelengths.. Mixed 10G, 40G, 100G

34. Page 33 Page 33 Demand from 2  12: 10 Gbps paths only Demand from 2  7: 10 and 40 Gbps paths only Demand from 2  5: All of 10, 40 and 100 Gbps paths 10G 40G 100G Reach vs capacity

35. Page 34 Page 34 Dedicated protection in MLR networks MLR enables new strategies for dedicated path protection Same rate for working and backup Different rate for working and backup

36. Page 35 Page 35 Congestion Mitigation with Capacity Sharing between IP and Wavelength Services 7/10/2016 Highly-congested IP network Reduced congestion with traffic redistribution over IP and backup wavelength links