1. NNN11 Conference at Zurich 7-9 November 2011 The LSM Laboratory at the Fréjus site : present and future by L. Mosca ( LSM/CEA/CNRS)

2. Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane CNRS/IN2P3 and CEA/IRFU http://www.lsm.in2p3.fr

3. Depth: 4800 m.w.e. Surface:: 400 m2 Volume : 3500 m 3 Muon flux: 4 10 -5 µ.m -2.s -1 Neutrons: Fast flux: 4 10 -2 n.m -2.s -1 Thermal flux: 1.6 10 -2 n.m -2.s -1 Radon: 15 Bq/m 3 Access : horizontal Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane Budget (full cost): 1 M€/yr Staff: 3 Physicists 3 Engineers 7 Technicians International associated laboratory agreement with JINR Dubna (Russia) and CTU Prague (Czech Republic)

4. The LSM Today

5. Double beta decay : Tracking + calorimeter - 100 Mo 7 kg Neutrino physics: NEMO -3

6. Dark matter: EDELWEISS Bolometric technique: Heat + Ionization Ge crystals - 40 kg x 2 preliminary

7. Neutrino physics Double EC search ( 106 Cd) TGV-II(Ge with sheets of Double EC candidates) TGV II SHIN BiPo (related to SuperNEMO, measurement of thin film at the level of 1 µBq/kg) Soon MIMAC prototype (Dark matter TPC for DM directional detection MEMPHYNO prototype for megaton – scale cherenkov detector Other experiments Nuclear physics Super Heavy Element In nature SHIN (osmium ore surrounded by 3He neutron detectors)

8. Neutron detectors at LSM 3 He counters Sphere TPC Gd loaded liquid scintillator Support from ILIAS TARI for the 3 detectors Scientific activities @ LSM Radon detectors – sensitivity ~1 mBq/kg (electrostatic collection of radon daughters) Saga University (Japan) and Dubna (Russia))

9. Copy of the facility developed by SuperKamiokande 150 m 3 /h of air with an activity of 20 mBq/m 3 (air in the lab 20 Bq/m 3 ) Build in Czech Republic Radon free air factory

10. 14 HPGe from 7 different laboratories of CNRS, CEA, JINR DUBNA and CTU Prague are available at LSM - Material selection for astroparticle physics, - Environmental research (oceanography, climate, ….) - Environmental survey - Applications (wine datation, salt origin,…) - Developements of Ge detector (ILIAS) Gamma ray spectroscopy @ LSM

11. Carré science LSM Permanent exhibition « Petis secrets de l’Univers » 3000 visitors in 2010 ! External facility: Offices, workshop, storage, guest rooms Funds: CNRS, CEA, EU (FEDER), Rhône-Alpes, Savoie

12. LSM Extension project Present LSM New laboratory Fréjus roadway tunnel New safety galery

13. Double beta decay: SuperNEMO (tracko-calo method) COBRA (solid TPC) Dark matter: EURECA (Bolometers) DARWIN (noble liquid) EoI MIMAC (TPC) ULTIMA (Superfluid 3He) Double EC TGVIII Double EC (pixellized detector) Double EC with Ge detectors R&D for proton decay and neutrino physics MEMPHYNO Supernovae neutrinos: TPC sphere Logical test failure Low background techniques : Environmental measurement Sediment in alpin lakes International call for letter of interest June 2008 12 LoI received and one Expression of Interest ULISSE Project 2 workshops to present projects Reviewed by an International Scientific Advisory Committee

14. Space requirements: 32 m X 15 m Minimum height: 13 m Clean room : 7 m X 6 m Electrical power : 80 kW Free radon air : 15 mBq/m3 Water shielding 55m 100m 14,9m14,9m 22,5m22,5m SuperNEMO @LSM

15. Direct Dark Matter detection Collaboration: France, Germany, Russia et UK 1 ton of Ge bolometers EURECA @LSM

16.  Safety galery work started in September 2009  Excavation of the extension end 2012.  In operation in 2014.  Pre-study funded by LSM and UK in 2006. Preliminary design to host SuperNEMO and EURECA Experiments  Detailed studies funded by Savoie departement and Rhone-Alpes Region  Review of projects and LoI ’ s by an independent Scientific Advisory Committee  Estimated cost : 7 M€ for civil work 3 M€ for equipment (ventilation, cooling, electrical power)  Open to international partners Funding in progress LSM extension LSM Extension project

17. LAGUNA Projects at the Fréjus site

20. Easy access Safety

21. SUMMARY The Fréjus site allows to very well host all the proposed detector options : GLACIER, LENA and MEMPHYS The excellent quality of the rock, with the appropriate amount of plasticity, allows the excavation of megaton-scale cavities at a depth of 4800 m.w.e., which is the deepest in Europe. The rock mass behaviour was deeply and systematically investigated during the railway and the highway tunnel and Laboratory excavations. The Fréjus safety tunnel, presently under construction (8 meters in diameter), provides an optimal and completely safe access to the laboratory during both construction and operation. The top level of equipment and permanent (day and night) personnel teams of the Fréjus Tunnel Society ensures continuous and very efficient safety support both in the tunnels and in the laboratory. Considering the life-time of a Megaton-scale Laboratory (50 years or so), no risks of closure are expected with the Fréjus type of infrastructure (international highway tunnel).

22. The existing scientific activities in the present (LSM) underground laboratory, with the collaboration of about 100 physicists, are worldwide appreciated from nearly thirty years. In addition the scientific and technological environment is at the top level (CERN-Lyon-Grenoble-Chambery-Annecy-Torino-etc). The funding of a first LSM extension (≈ 50 000 m 3 ), mainly addressed to the next generation of the present main experiments (Dark matter and Double Beta decay) is under way. The accessibility of the Fréjus site is excellent both by road (highway) or by train (TGV) with connections to Paris (4 hours), Lyon (2 hours), Chambery (1 hour), Grenoble (1.5 hours), Genève (2 hours), Torino (1 hour), Milano (2.5 hours). The Direction of the Fréjus Tunnel society as well as the local political authorities strongly support the Fréjus site as a candidate for a Large International Underground Laboratory. The MEMPHYS experiment at the Fréjus site (especially with a beta-beam) is optimized for the CP Violation measurement, which is, by far, the most important goal in the future neutrino beam oscillation experiments (while the mass hierarchy, if  13 is large, can be fixed with the atmospheric neutrinos, which come for free).

23. Thank you for your attention