1. THE PLACENTA SHANNON MARKS, JENNA MILLER & JACLYN MILLER

2. GLAND AND LOCATION THE PLACENTA DEVELOPS IN A WOMAN’S UTERUS DURING PREGNANCY. THE PLACENTA DEVELOPS IN A WOMAN’S UTERUS DURING PREGNANCY. IT PROVIDES NUTRIENTS AND OXYGEN TO THE BABY. IT PROVIDES NUTRIENTS AND OXYGEN TO THE BABY. REMOVES WASTES FROM BABY’S BLOOD. REMOVES WASTES FROM BABY’S BLOOD. ATTACHES TO THE SIDE OF THE UTERUS AND PROVIDES THE UMBILICAL CORD. ATTACHES TO THE SIDE OF THE UTERUS AND PROVIDES THE UMBILICAL CORD.

3. HORMONES STEROID HORMONE. STEROID HORMONE. LACTOGEN-MAINTAINING THE FETUS’ AND MOTHER’S METABOLISM. LACTOGEN-MAINTAINING THE FETUS’ AND MOTHER’S METABOLISM. PROGESTERONE- SUPPORT OF THE ENDOMETRIUM AND SUPPRESSES CONTRACTION OF THE UTERUS, PREVENTS SHEDDING OF UTERUS LINING. PROGESTERONE- SUPPORT OF THE ENDOMETRIUM AND SUPPRESSES CONTRACTION OF THE UTERUS, PREVENTS SHEDDING OF UTERUS LINING. ESTROGEN- STIMULATES MAMMARY GLAND DEVELOPMENT. ESTROGEN- STIMULATES MAMMARY GLAND DEVELOPMENT. SYNTHESIZES A VARIETY AND DIVERSE NUMBER OF HORMONES AND CYTOKINES THAT HAVE MAJOR INFLUENCES ON OVARIAN, UTERINE, MAMMARY AND FETAL PHYSIOLOGY, NOT TO MENTION OTHER ENDOCRINE SYSTEMS OF THE MOTHER. SYNTHESIZES A VARIETY AND DIVERSE NUMBER OF HORMONES AND CYTOKINES THAT HAVE MAJOR INFLUENCES ON OVARIAN, UTERINE, MAMMARY AND FETAL PHYSIOLOGY, NOT TO MENTION OTHER ENDOCRINE SYSTEMS OF THE MOTHER.

4. ACTIVATION RELEASES SEVERAL PROTEIN HORMONES. RELEASES SEVERAL PROTEIN HORMONES. HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN- FIRST HORMONE RELEASED BY PLACENTA, WHAT A PREGNANCY TEST DETECTS. HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN- FIRST HORMONE RELEASED BY PLACENTA, WHAT A PREGNANCY TEST DETECTS. HUMAN PLACENTAL LACTOGEN- TRUE FUNCTION IS UNKNOWN BUT IT IS THOUGHT TO PROMOTE THE GROWTH OF THE MAMMARY GLANDS IN PREPARATION FOR LACTATION AND ALSO BELIEVED TO REGULATE A MOTHER’S METABOLISM BY INCREASING BLOOD LEVELS. HUMAN PLACENTAL LACTOGEN- TRUE FUNCTION IS UNKNOWN BUT IT IS THOUGHT TO PROMOTE THE GROWTH OF THE MAMMARY GLANDS IN PREPARATION FOR LACTATION AND ALSO BELIEVED TO REGULATE A MOTHER’S METABOLISM BY INCREASING BLOOD LEVELS. PLACENTAL GROWTH HORMONE- MAIN HORMONE IN SUPPRESSION OF GROWTH HORMONE PRODUCED BY PITUITARY GLAND. PLACENTAL GROWTH HORMONE- MAIN HORMONE IN SUPPRESSION OF GROWTH HORMONE PRODUCED BY PITUITARY GLAND. RELAXIN- CAUSES THE RELAXATION OF PELVIC LIGAMENTS AND SOFTENING OF CERVIX FOR LABOUR. RELAXIN- CAUSES THE RELAXATION OF PELVIC LIGAMENTS AND SOFTENING OF CERVIX FOR LABOUR.

5. FEEDBACK POSITIVE SECRETION OF FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE (FSH) AND LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH) IS STIMULATED BY GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE (GNRH). SECRETION OF FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE (FSH) AND LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH) IS STIMULATED BY GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE (GNRH). SECRETION FROM HYPOTHALAMUS. SECRETION FROM HYPOTHALAMUS. NEGATIVE SECRETION OF FSH AND LH IS ALSO CONTROLLED BY THE GONADS. SECRETION OF FSH AND LH IS ALSO CONTROLLED BY THE GONADS. EXERTED BY GONADAL STEROID HORMONES AND BY A PEPTIDE CALLED INHIBIN. EXERTED BY GONADAL STEROID HORMONES AND BY A PEPTIDE CALLED INHIBIN.

6. PLACENTAL ABRUPTION PLACENTAL ABRUPTION IS A CONDITION WHERE A PART OF THE PLACENTA SEPARATES FROM THE UTERUS DURING PREGNANCY. THERE IS MANY BLOOD VESSELS IN THE PLACENTA, WHEN THE PLACENTA SEPARATES THESE BLOOD VESSELS WILL BREAK CAUSING BLEEDING IN THE UTERUS. SYMPTOMS VAGINAL BLEEDING PAIN IN THE UTERUS CONTRACTIONS OF THE UTERUS THAT DO NOT STOP ABNORMALITIES OF THE FETAL HEART RATE PLACENTAL ABRUPTION IS DIAGNOSED THROUGH AN ASSESSMENT OF SYMPTOMS. SOME WOMEN ARE MORE PRONE TO DEVELOPING PLACENTAL ABRUPTION. RISK FACTORS FOR PLACENTAL ABRUPTION ARE: HISTORY OF ABRUPTION IN A PREVIOUS PREGNANCY ABDOMINAL TRAUMA FROM DOMESTIC ABUSE OR A MOTOR VEHICLE ACCIDENT UTERINE DEFECTS SUCH AS TUMORS MATERNAL DISEASES SUCH AS HYPERTENSION AND PREGNANCY-INDUCED HYPERTENSION CIGARETTE SMOKING COCAINE USE IF YOU HAVE A PLACENTAL ABRUPTION DURING PREGNANCY, THERE IS A 25% CHANCE OF IT RECURRING IN A SUBSEQUENT PREGNANCY.

8. PLACENTA PREVIA THE PLACENTA USUALLY GROWS IN THE UPPER PART OF THE UTERUS. BUT IN ABOUT.5 TO 1% OF PREGNANCIES THE PLACENTA WILL GROW IN THE LOWER PART OF THE UTERUS, BLOCKING THE CERVIX, WHICH IS THE OPENING FROM THE UTERUS TO THE VAGINA. THIS CONDITION IS MORE COMMON IS BLACK WOMEN, OLDER WOMAN, CIGARETTE SMOKERS, AND WOMEN WHO HAVE HAD A PREVIOUS CAESAREAN-SECTIONS OR ABORTIONS. PLACENTA PREVIA IS USUALLY DIAGNOSED THROUGH THE USE OF AN ULTRASOUND.

10. PLACENTA ACCRETA THIS IS WHEN THE PLACENTA GROWS TOO DEEPLY INTO THE INNER WALL OF THE UTERUS. THE PLACENTA BECOMES FIRMLY ATTACHED TO THE UTERUS THAT IT WILL NOT PROPERLY SEPARATE FROM THE UTERUS AFTER THE BABY IS BORN. PLACENTA ACCRETA IS MOST COMMON IN WOMEN WHO HAVE UTERINE SCARRING FROM PREVIOUS DELIVERIES OR SURGERIES SUCH AS A CESAREAN-SECTION. CAUSES EXCESSIVE BLEEDING AFTER CHILDBIRTH.

11. EXPOSURE TO CHEMOTHERAPY LATE IN PREGNANCY HAD LITTLE EFFECT ON PLACENTA THE STUDY WAS CONDUCTED WITH 13 WOMEN BETWEEN THE AGES OF 17-40 YEARS OLD. THE STUDY WAS CONDUCTED WITH 13 WOMEN BETWEEN THE AGES OF 17-40 YEARS OLD. TEN WOMEN WERE TREATED WITH MULTIPLE DNA-ACTIVE CYTOTOXIC AGENTS DURING THE SECOND OR THIRD TRIMESTER. TEN WOMEN WERE TREATED WITH MULTIPLE DNA-ACTIVE CYTOTOXIC AGENTS DURING THE SECOND OR THIRD TRIMESTER. ONE WOMEN WAS TREATED WITH CYTOTOXIC CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC THROUGHOUT THE ENTIRE PREGNANCY. ONE WOMEN WAS TREATED WITH CYTOTOXIC CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC THROUGHOUT THE ENTIRE PREGNANCY. THE TEN WOMEN THAT WERE TREATED WITH THE DNA ACTIVE AGENTS INDICATED NON-SPECIFIC FINDINGS WITH NO CONGENITAL ANOMALIES. THE TEN WOMEN THAT WERE TREATED WITH THE DNA ACTIVE AGENTS INDICATED NON-SPECIFIC FINDINGS WITH NO CONGENITAL ANOMALIES. 36% OF THE PLACENTA WERE SMALL FOR THEIR STAGE OF PREGNANCY. 36% OF THE PLACENTA WERE SMALL FOR THEIR STAGE OF PREGNANCY. THE WOMAN TREATED WITH CYTOTOXIC CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC GAVE BIRTH TO A CHILD WITH CONGENITAL ANOMALIES, INCLUDING CLEFT LEFT AND PALATE. THE WOMAN TREATED WITH CYTOTOXIC CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC GAVE BIRTH TO A CHILD WITH CONGENITAL ANOMALIES, INCLUDING CLEFT LEFT AND PALATE.

12. REFERENCES BOWEN, R. (2000, AUGUST 6). RETRIEVED FROM PLACENTAL HORMONES : HTTP://WWW.VIVO.COLOSTATE.EDU/HBOOKS/PATHPHYS/REPROD/PLACENTA/ENDOCRINE.HTML CHAPTER 20: REPRODUCTION. (1998). THE MCGRAW HILL COMPANIES. GILLASPY, R. (2015). STUDY.COM. RETRIEVED FROM HORMONES OF THE PLACENTA: ESTROGEN, PROGESTERONE & HCG: HTTP://STUDY.COM/ACADEMY/LESSON/HORMONES-OF-THE-PLACENTA-ESTROGEN-PROGESTERONE-HCG.HTML MD, N. C. (2009, AUGUST 11). COMPLICATIONS OF THE PLACENTA. RETRIEVED FROM ABOUTKIDSHEALTH: HTTP://WWW.ABOUTKIDSHEALTH.CA/EN/RESOURCECENTRES/PREGNANCYBABIES/PREGNANCY/PREGNANCYCOMPLICATIONS/PAGE S/COMPLICATIONS-OF-THE-PLACENTA.ASPX SOUTHALL, J. (2009, MARCH 10). EXPOSURE TO CHEMOTHERAPY LATE IN PREGNANCY HAD LITTLE EFFECT ON PLACENTA. RETRIEVED FROM HEALIO: HTTP://WWW.HEALIO.COM/HEMATOLOGY-ONCOLOGY/PRACTICE-MANAGEMENT/NEWS/ONLINE/%7B66644B2E- 1073-4724-B697-77D0E9600966%7D/EXPOSURE-TO-CHEMOTHERAPY-LATE-IN-PREGNANCY-HAD-LITTLE-EFFECT-ON-PLACENTA STAFF, M. C. (2015). MAYO CLINIC. RETRIEVED FROM PLACENTA: HOW IT WORKS, WHAT'S NORMAL: HTTP://WWW.MAYOCLINIC.ORG/HEALTHY-LIFESTYLE/PREGNANCY-WEEK-BY-WEEK/IN-DEPTH/PLACENTA/ART-20044425 YOU & YOUR HORMONES. (2013, OCTOBER 24). RETRIEVED FROM PLACENTA: HTTP://WWW.YOURHORMONES.INFO/GLANDS/PLACENTA.ASPX