1. 10/07/2016 XML and Its Applications and Transformation Dr. Md Maruf Hasan Assistant Professor, Information Systems CCSIT, King Faisal University

2. 10/07/2016 2 Overview of This Talk A brief introduction to XML The structure of XML documents and the architecture of XML applications How XML has been used by different companies and organizations Benefits of XML Review of XML related technologies and standards

3. 10/07/2016 3 XML: eXtensible Markup Language XML is a markup language like HTML XML defines content and its structure in document. However, XML is not restricted to a set of predefined tags. You can define your own markup vocabulary and rules (eXtensible) in XML to efficiently process information. XML is originally designed to meet the challenges in large-scale electronic publishing (from its parent technology, SGML).

4. 10/07/2016 4 XML in Electronic Publishing CSS (Cascading Style Sheet) or XSL (XML Stylesheet Language) are used to define presentation styles of contents. Appreciate the animated picture and its importance. Similarly, DTDs (Document Type Definition) and XML- Schema are also used to define structures in content. Contents are defined with XML syntax

5. 10/07/2016 5 XML Systems XML documents are nothing but plain texts (can be authored with a text-editor) XML uses simple syntax XML can be validated (e.g., parsed into tree-like data model, IE has its built-in parser) Content and Structure are defined separately Content Structure

6. 10/07/2016 6 XXX Engineering Manufacturing Sales and Marketing Maintenance Computer-aided design Tech Pubs cumbersome; loss of information in the process; maintaining integrity in data is a problem Flow of contents within the Enterprise

7. 10/07/2016 7 XXX EngineeringManufacturing Sales and Marketing Maintenance Computer-Aided Design Tech Pubs XML Content Content Management with XML

8. 10/07/2016 8 An Example of Content Reuse Using XML and Transformations, contents can be efficiently shared among users, applications or devices One content, many applications and services The chess example

9. 10/07/2016 9 XML in Ubiquitous Computing XML is the only viable option to manage the diversity of data, applications and devices

10. 10/07/2016 10 XML Transformation (XSLT) XSLT is a programming language to facilitate transformations of XML documents.

11. 10/07/2016 11 Developing Applications with XML DOM is an Object Model which helps manipulation of XML Documents by providing a set of interfaces (methods and properties) to the programmer. DOM –Shield the programmers from the actual data behind the interface –The data behind the interface can be An XML document, a legacy database, or an application that provides an XML stream SAX (Simple API for XML) is another programming choice.

12. 10/07/2016 12 XML in Enterprise Computing Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) –Middleware Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) with businesses –B2B

13. 10/07/2016 13 MS BizTalk – an EAI Framework

14. 10/07/2016 14 B2B and Beyond EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) –Typically expensive –Proprietary standard (somewhat cryptic) –Uses VAN (Value-Added Network) XML is Everyone’s EDI, Internet is a low cost alternative to VAN (with security enhancement, of course!) –XML helps reaching beyond big business partners to small partners and customers (B2C)

15. 10/07/2016 15 XML in Semantic Web Tim Berners-Lee’s vision

16. 10/07/2016 16 XML hits the AI Community Knowledge Representation (KR) is a crucial issue in Artificial Intelligence (AI) Intelligent Agents (IA) are small programs which shows intelligent behaviours and capable of communicating with other agents to negotiate services etc. –Within the AI community XML is being intensively used for KR and Inter Agent-communication –Human expertise and Machine Intelligence (logic) are captured in XML schema –Intelligent Web Services will rely on XML-based infrastructure. Internet and XML-based new technologies and protocols are coming up (WSDL, UDDI, SOAP)

17. 10/07/2016 17 Case Study- IBM, SABRE, NOKIA SABRE’s proprietary database keeps real-time information about flights and provides a wrapper for XML Nokia provides it’s wireless network infrastructure, WAP and WML Wrapper. IBM provides all the integration work (of course through XML,XSLT,WML,WAP,HTTP) You are on the go … A small client program, your personal agent residing on your handheld computer or mobile or PC is giving you update about any changes/delay in flight according to your trip-plan, probably even negotiating the best possible flight connection on your behalf.

18. 10/07/2016 18 XML- a Family of Technologies SpeechML XQ L RDF XPointer WML XPath DTD XSL DO M Xlink WSDL WMIL Schema DAML+OIL MathML Namespace XSLT XML- FO XML-RPC

19. 10/07/2016 19 Summary XML is license-free, platform-independent and well- supported Lots of free stuff No war on XML (yet): IBM WebSphere suite, SUN ONE, Microsoft.NET and BizTalk all supporting XML Benefits of XML include: –Increased Productivity –Usability –Improved Data Integrity –Data Control –Data Sharing –Portability

20. 10/07/2016 20 Further Information W3C School http://www.w3cschools.com/xml/ W3C XML site http://www.w3.org/XML/ Book: XML Pocket Reference by Robert Eckstein, O'Reilly & Associates, 1999. Internet Search on Specific topic

21. 10/07/2016 21 XML Explanations X tensible Flexible Data Definitions M arkup Add Meaning to Data L anguage Something machines can understand easily X tend your business applications to the WEB M obilize your information L ink your business to your partners Technical View Business View

22. 10/07/2016 22 Essential Reading (Assignment) Tim Berners-Lee’s 2001 paper on Semantic Web on Scientific American Tim Berners-Lee, James Hendler and Ora Lassila, "The Semantic Web", Scientific American, May 2001, p. 29-37.The Semantic Web Be ready to summarize the above article or answer any question asked from this paper during the next lecture (5 marks)