1. Ch 31 Key Points Immune System

2. Immunity prevents a person from getting sick from a pathogen. In all immunity, pathogens are destroyed before you get sick. Passive immunity occurs without an immune response. – mother’s milk – genetics Active immunity occurs after a specific immune response

3. In fever, body temperature increases. –High fevers can cause seizure, brain damage, and even death. –Low fevers stimulate white blood cells to mature.

4. Many body systems work to produce nonspecific responses. Nonspecific responses are the same for every pathogen. In inflammation, blood vessels become leaky. – white blood cells move toward infection and damaged tissue –characterized by swelling, redness, and pain capillary wall extracellular space white blood cell

5. Three types of proteins fight off invading pathogens. –Complement proteins weaken pathogen membranes. –Antibodies make pathogens ineffective. –Interferons prevent viruses from infecting healthy cells. antibody pathogens

6. Cells of the immune system produce specific responses. Specific immune responses begin with the detection of antigens. – Antigens are surface proteins on pathogens. – Each pathogen has a different antigen. virus antigens

7. There are two specific immune responses. –Humoral immunity uses B cells to produce antibodies. memory B cells activated B cells antibodies B cell T cell pathogen

8. Both responses produce memory cells. –specialized T and B cells –provide acquired (active) immunity B cell T cell

10. Vaccination provides immunity. –stimulates a specific immune response –allows immune system to respond quickly to infection –causes memory cells to be produced –has such a fast response, a person will not get sick A memory B cell is stimulated when the real pathogen binds to it. 2 The B cell quickly activates and makes antibodies that fight the pathogens before you get sick. 3 Antigens in a vaccine trigger an immune response, and memory B cells are made. 1 memory B cells

11. The immune system rejects foreign tissues. Tissue rejection occurs in organ or tissue transplants. Tissue rejection is the result of an immune response. – immune system detects protein markers on the donor tissue – makes antibodies against the donor’s tissue

12. HIV infection leads to AIDS. HIV T cell dead T cell antibody activated B cell –HIV reproduces in and destroys T cells. –The body cannot replace T cells fast enough. –T cells cannot help in immune responses.

13. HIV targets the immune system. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus. –attacks and weakens the immune system –is transmitted by mixing infected blood with a bodily fluid

14. pathogen antigens T cell receptors activated T cells antigens memory T cells There are two specific immune responses. –Cellular immunity uses T cells to destroy infected body cells.

15. AIDS is acquired immune deficiency syndrome. –several opportunistic infections –very low amount of T cells

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