1. The Food Chain/Web

2. REVIEW  Every living thing needs energy in order to survive.  Every time animals do something (run, jump, move) they use energy to do so.  Plants use energy for growth.  Energy is necessary for living beings to grow.

3.  Animals get energy from the food they eat (all living things need energy)  Plants use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to get energy (in a process called (Photosynthesis).

4.  Auto – : Self  Hetero – : Others  -Troph : To Nourish/Get Energy From  Autotroph/Producer (Self- Feed): Can produce their own energy/ food  Heterotroph/Consumer: Eat other organisms for energy/food

5.  A food chain shows how each living thing gets food, how nutrients and energy are passed from one organism to another.  Food chains begin with plant- life(autotrophs/producers), and then energy is transferred to (heterotrophs/consumers).

6.  Decomposers recycle and break-down the remaining matter after producers and consumers die. FungiBacteria Protists

7.  Example of a Food Chain

8.  Ex: A simple food chain could start with grass, which is eaten by rabbits. Then the rabbits are eaten by foxes. Arrows show energy transfer.

9.  *IMPORTANT: Arrows do NOT show ‘what’ eats ‘what’ but ENERGY TRANSFER!!!

10.  FOOD WEBS: A group of food chains in an ecosystem

11. Food Pyramid  From your reading, how much energy is transferred between each organism?

12. 10% Rule – Energy Transfer  Only 10% of energy is transferred from one organism to the next in a food chain (from one level to another)  What do you think happened/happens to the 90% of the energy that was lost?

15. Calculating 10%  How do you calculate 10% of a number?  Multiply the number by 0.1

16.  Activity  Label cup 1 ''first-level consumer," cup 2 ''second-level consumer," and cup 3 ''third-level consumer." The large cup filled with 100 ml of water represents the producer. For this activity we will assume that the producer possesses 100 units of energy.  A first-level consumer eats the producer and absorbs only 10 percent of its energy. Use the graduated cylinder to pour 10ml of the producer's water into cup 1.  The second-level consumer eats the first-level consumer and gets only 10 percent of its energy. Use the graduated cylinder to pour 1 ml of water from cup 1 into cup 2.  The third-level consumer eats the second-level consumer and gets only 10 percent of its energy. Use the medicine dropper to transfer 0.1 ml of water from cup 2 into cup 3.  Follow-Up Questions 1) If the food chain had continued to the next level, what percentage of energy would the fourth-level consumer have received from the third- level consumer? 2) How much water would you have transferred into the fourth-level consumer's cup? 3) Judging from this activity, why do you think most food chains never go higher than second- or third-level consumers?