1. medical treatment and prison By: Janely Orozco, Ilaria De Prisco, Kelley davies

2. Medical treatment :  Both armies researched advancement in metical treatment recovery techniques.  A new medical wing was created call “medical director of the army”  The first field hospital was a small tent with and a few beds for the wounded  The only had 1 or 2 medical officials.

3. Civil war diseases:  Typhoid  Pneumonia  Measles  Tuberculosis  Malaria All of these diseases were deadly. They killed about 157,ooo soldiers.

4. Facts:  Typhoid was disease resulted from contaminated water. Would give patients “rose spots”  Pneumonia would pick on the weakest people. If the solders had a wound they would most likely have it.  Measles spread rapidly and killed 1 out of 20 people.  Tuberculosis has no known cure. Once they were contaminated  Malaria was not often fatal. Due to large part to the readily available supply of quinine. Treatments:  Typhoid Physicians attempted to treat the symptoms using analgesics and quinine (as an antipyretic), and tried to find a tasty, appropriate diet for sufferers. Rarely, these measures did some good.  Pneumonia caused doctors gained a better grasp of the relationship between sanitary conditions, diet, and illness.  Measles didn’t cause death but it would last approximately a week so there was no treatment.  Tuberculosis cure would be a lot of different medications.  Malaria didn’t have a cure. It would go away by itself.

5.  Medical equipment and knowledge was hardly up to the challenges posed by the wounds, infections, and diseases which plagued millions during the Civil War (Dixon 2013).  2/3 of deaths during the war, over 400,000 soldiers, were due to disease, not enemy fire (Dixon 2013).

6. Medical Practices  Just leaving the time when blood-letting, purging, and blistering were thought to be medical cures.  Doctors did not know about germs, advanced equipment, cleanliness, and organized hospitals.

7. Disease  Factors that contributed to death and disease:  Poor Hygiene  Poor sanitation  Lack of food and clean water  Crowded conditions of camps  Lack of shelter  Lack of suitable clothing  Cold and other weather  (“Civil War Medicine” 2014)

8. Amputation  From "The Practice of Surgery", by Samuel Cooper:  “Amputation is performed either in the continuity of a member, or at one of its articulations, each of which modes, however, cannot always be practiced indifferently, the choice depending upon the situation, extent, and nature of the disease, or injury, for which the removal of the part becomes indispensable,” (Amputation 2014)  This means amputation could be done either in the middle of the bone or at one of the joints. The choice depended on the situation, the disease, or the injury.

9. Amputation  “…one of the best fundamental rules for our guidance in the performance of amputation: ‘as little of the flesh should be cut away, as possible; but the more bone is removed, the better.’” (Amputation 2014)  This directed the surgeons to remove as much bone as necessary, but leave as much skin as possible.  Now we know that leaving the skin on probably increases the chance of infection and makes you sicker.

10. Prisons during the Civil War  In the first years of the conflict, equal numbers of captured troops were regularly exchanged for one another, helping to keep the total number of prisoners manageable for both sides. Camp Lawton  Over 400,000 combatants were taken prisoner during the civil war

11. Prisons  both the Union and the Confederacy to handle the 409,000 soldiers arrested during the war.  They counted around 211,000 Northerners were caught.  Over 30,000 Union and approximately 26,000 Confederate prisoners died in imprisonment.  They would die because of high disease rates, and were regularly short of medicine, doctors, food and ice.

12. The most well known and infamous Confederate camp was Camp Sumter- Andersonville, Georgia.

13. Camp Sumter- Andersonville, Georgia  In February 1864, during the Civil War (1861-65), a Confederate prison was established in Macon County, in southwest Georgia, to provide relief for the large number of Union prisoners concentrated in and around Richmond, Virginia.  The new camp, officially named Camp Sumter, quickly became known as Andersonville, after the railroad station in neighboring Sumter County beside which the camp was located.

14. Story of Andersonville prison : One the most famous prisons http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HCdCcC1x3nA

15.  It closed in early May 1865, those numbers, along with the sanitation, health, and mortality problems stemming from its overcrowding, had earned Andersonville a reputation as the most notorious of Confederate atrocities inflicted on Union troops.  By the summer of 1864, the camp held the largest prison population of its time, with numbers that would have made it the fifth- largest city in the Confederacy.

16. Prison condition  The prisoners, nearly naked, suffered from swarms of insects, filth, and disease, much of which was generated by the contaminated water supply of the creek.  The camp was planned for a capacity of 10,000 prisoners, but with the breakdown in prisoner exchanges, which would have removed much of its prison population, its numbers swelled to more than 30,000.  Camp Sumter was chosen for its inland remoteness and safe distance from coastal raids

17. Works Cited  "Amputation." Amputation. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Oct. 2014.  "Civil War Medicine." Civil War Medicine. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Oct. 2014.  Dixon, Ina. "Civil War Medicine." Council on Foreign Relations. Council on Foreign Relations, 29 Oct. 2013. Web. 09 Oct. 2014.  http://www.civilwaracademy.com/civil-war-spies.html “Civil War Spies” 2007-2014 http://www.civilwaracademy.com/civil-war-spies.html  “The Civil War and Malaria” http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/quinine-the-civil-war-and- malaria/ July 14,2011 http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/quinine-the-civil-war-and- malaria/

18. http://www.classroomelectric.org/volume2/ gruesz/history.htm http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles /history-archaeology/andersonville-prison http://www.classroomelectric.org/volume2/ gruesz/history.htm http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles /history-archaeology/andersonville-prison http://www.civilwar.org/education/history/f aq/ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HCdCcC1 x3nA&feature=youtu.be