1. GILDED AGE – CHAPTER 23 CAUSE Favor-seeking business- people and corrupt politicians EFFECT Caused numerous scandals during President Grant’s administration

2. Cause The New York Times and cartoonist Thomas Nast Effect Forced Boss Tweed out of power and into jail

3. Cause Upright Republicans’ disgust with Grant administration scandals Effect Led to the formation of the Liberal Republican party in 1872

4. Cause The economic crash of the mid-1870s Effect Caused unemployment, railroad strikes, and a demand for “cheap money”

5. Cause Local cultural, moral, and religious differences Effect Created fierce partisan competition and high voter turnouts, even though the parties agreed on most national issues

6. Cause The Compromise of 1877 that settled the disputed Hayes-Tilden election Effect Led to the withdrawal of troops from the South and the virtual end of federal efforts to protect black rights there

7. Cause White workers’ resentment of Chinese labor competition Effect Caused anti-Chinese violence and restrictions against Chinese immigration

8. Cause Public shock at Garfield’s assassination by Guiteau Effect Helped ensure passage of the Pendleton Act

9. Cause The 1890s depression and the drain of gold from the federal treasury Effects Induced Grover Cleveland to negotiate a secret loan from J.P. Morgan’s banking syndicate

10. Cause The inability of Populist leaders to overcome divisions between white and black farmers Effect Led to failure of the third party revolt in the South and a growing racial backlash