1. Formation of crude oil

2. More mud Even more mud And more mud pressure mud

3.  As sea plants and animals died,  They were immediately covered by sediment in seas or swamps.  This stopped them decaying aerobically.  Further layers of sediment buried the remains deeper and deeper underground  After millions of years  Pressure and heat, these remains turned into coal, oil and natural gas.

4. Oil formation

5. A crash stop maneuver (from 'full ahead' to 'full reverse') can stop a fully loaded supertanker within approximately three kilometres, which takes about 14 minutes. The turning diameter is almost two kilometres. (These values vary according to ship size and weight, of course). Main Characteristics: Length 333 m Width 56 m Depth 32 m Weight 301,860 tonnes Speed fully loaded: 14 mph

7. Separation of crude oil into more useful compounds

11. Mixture 400 o C 300 o C 200 o C 100 o C 50 o C 10 o C 70 o C 150 o C 250 o C 360 o C Boiling Points

12. Fractional distillation Gasoline Bitumen

13. Name Number of Carbon Atoms Boiling Point (°C) Uses Refinery Gas3 or 4below 30 Bottled Gas (propane or butane). Gasoline 7 to 9100 to 150 Fuel for car engines. Naphtha6 to 1170 to 200 Solvents and used in petrol. Kerosene (paraffin)11 to 18200 to 300 Fuel for aircraft and stoves. Diesel Oil11 to 18200 to 300 Fuel for road vehicles and trains. Lubricating Oil18 to 25300 to 400 Lubricant for engines and machines. Fuel Oil20 to 27350 to 450 Fuel for ships and heating. Greases and Wax25 to 30400 to 500 Lubricants and candles. Bitumenabove 35above 500 Road surface and roofing