1. Health Occupations

2.  Identify key terms: Antigen & Antibody  Identify 4 Blood Types ◦ Antigens Present ◦ Antibodies Present ◦ Blood type donation/reception  Understand the effects of mixing blood types

3.  Antigens: foreign object, pathogen  Antibodies: proteins secreted by lymphocytes in response to presence of antigens  Antibodies bond with antigens = lock and key phenomenon

4.  Blood type is determined by antigens on the surface of RBC AA ◦ Only A antigens BB ◦ Only B antigens  AB ◦ Both A and B antigens OO ◦ Neither A or B antigens

5.  Your immune system has a tolerance against it own antigens. (you like your own antigens) EX: Antigen A type A blood. It will NOT form anti-A antibodies.

6. Blood TypeAntigens on RBC’sAntibodies in Plasma AAAnti - B B BAnti - A ABA & BNone O Anti-A & Anti -B

8.  Need to mix serum of the patient with the blood cells of the donor.  If Type A gets matched with Type B then antibodies will clump together  If this test is not done hemolysis (rupture of blood cells) can occur

9.  Type O Blood ◦ Universal donor  Because it lacks A and B antigens  Type AB Blood ◦ Universal recipients because they lack anti-A and anti-B antibodies.  (they won’t attack new blood coming in)

10. Blood TypeReceive blood from:Donate blood to: AA, OA, AB B B,O AB OO A, B, AB, OAB B, AB A, B, AB, O

11.  Found in RBC  Rh- : people who do not have antigens on RBC  Rh+ : people who do have the antigen on RBC  About 85% of Americans are Rh+  If RH + blood is given to Rh- then the body thinks it is an invading pathogen and starts to form antibodies for the lock and key

12.  When an Rh- mother delivers an Rh+ baby, some of the baby’s blood may contact the blood of the mother  The mother’s blood then forms antibodies against Rh+ RBC  If the mother has another Rh+ pregnancy the antibodies will attack the baby’s blood causing erythroblastosis fetalis.