1. Author: Tiina Brandt, Maarit Laiho Presented by : Seerat Fatima

2.  Purpose is to find out if personality affect gender and leadership style  Do female and male leader with similar personality behave differently ?

3. Transformational leadership styles focus on  Visioning  Team-building  Motivation  Collaboration with employees at different levels of organization  Set goals and incentives to push their subordinates to higher performance levels  Providing opportunities for personal and professional growth for each employee.

4.  Improved productivity  Reduced employee turnover rates  Greater job satisfaction  Motivation

5.  Are there differences in TF-Leadership style exist between genders when personality has been taken into account?

6.  According to social role theory individuals behave in accordance with societal expectations of the gender role (Eagly, 1987).  Male and female leaders may be viewed differently due to stereotypes and different expectations and also due to personality types.

7.  According to Eagly et al. (1995; Northouse, 2007) women and men were more effective in leadership roles congruent with their gender  Generally, men are socialized to be assertive, independent, rational and decisive.  While women are expected to show concern for others, warmth, to be helpful and to nurture (Hoyt et al., 2009).

8.  Studies shows that extraversion, intuition and perceiving preferences are more related to TF-leadership than their counterparts: introversion, sensing and judging. ( Church and Waclawski, 1998; Hautala, 2006).

9.  Quantitative analysis  Data were collected from 459 leaders (283 men and 176 women) and 378 subordinates during the years 1996-2010.  r (MBTI) is used for measurement of personality.  Leadership practice inventory (LPI)is used while measuring TF-leadership.

10.  The LPI and the MBTI questionnaires were usually completed by the leaders.  Subordinates only filled in the LPI when appraising their leaders.

11.  The five factors in Finnish version of Kouzes and Posner’s (1988) LPI(leadership practice inventory ) characterize the TF-leadership as  Visioning  Challenging  Enabling  Modeling  Rewarding

12.  Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is used for measurement of personality.  This study focus is on the eight preferences of the MBTI.  Extraverted (E)  Introverted (I).  Sensing (S)  Intuitive (N.  Thinking (T)  Feeling (F)  Judging (J)  perceiving (P)

13. The results indicate that  Both gender and personality have an impact on leadership behavior Accordingly this study supported previous studies stating that  There are differences in leadership according to gender.

14.  Women regarded themselves as more enabling and rewarding.  Men saw themselves as more challenging.

15. Subordinates regarded  Female intuitives and judging types as more transformational than men with similar preferences.  Challenging behavior was clearly emphasized in the leadership behavior of perceiving male leaders.

16. The results could be used to  Enhance leaders’ self-understanding.  Knowing one’s personality is helpful when evaluating one’s own behavior  Helps interaction with and understanding of others