1. GEOGRAPHY FINAL REVIEW: Units 1 through 4

2. Geography: the study of physical features and culture Physical Geography: Physical features such as rivers, mountains, etc. Cultural Geography: Religion, Traditions, Housing, Location Absolute Location: Exact place on planet, uses Longitude & Latitude Relative Location: What we use daily, uses landmarks Movement: How we move things and ideas Region: Characteristics that make places similar H.E.I.: How we interact with our environment Location: Where is it? Place: What is it like?

3. Elements of a Map Origin Title Author Source Date Grid Index Legend Scale Land Features: Mountain, Plateau, Range, Island, Peninsula, Valley, Plain Water Features: River, Ocean, Bay, Strait, Channel, Canal, Sea, Gulf

4. Climate Desert Semiarid Mediterranean Population Distribution: People are more concentrated in cities and near rivers. Not as populated in the desert. Oil: Has made the countries of the region lots of money. Improved Standard of Living Standard of Living: How well people live in the region Water: Scarce resource, more valuable than oil. People fight over it and disputes have occurred

5. Judaism: Oldest religion of the area. Christianity: Belief in Jesus Christ Islam: That Mohammad is the last prophet of Allah Zionism: The belief that Jews should get their own homeland in Israel Kurds: Small ethnic group in Syria and Jordan (they want their own country) Arab: Largest ethnic group of SWA & NA Persians: Primary ethnic group of Iran

6. Climate Sahara Sahel Rainforest Savana Population: Similar to SWA, people live in their own communities, cities, or near water sources Resources: Too many to list (gold, copper, oil, diamonds, etc.) Bantu: People from Cameroon several thousand years ago. Largest migration in history. Influenced ethnic groups of Africa Zulu: Direct descendants of Bantu. Fought a lot with European colonists Colonialism: Europeans went it to harvest resources. Clashed with Africans (some good, but mostly bad)

7. Drought: Deserts in North Africa cause massive periods of drought at times Deforestation: When people chop down trees and do not allow them to grow back (harms the land and people) Desertification: Process of arable land becoming desert (caused by deforestation mostly) Swahili: Ethnic Group on the eastern coast of Africa (Arab influence) San: Bushmen of central- south Africa (descendant of Zulu) Masai: eastern ethnic group of Africa, red robes and bead work

8. Climate Diverse. Best way to describe it is tropic wet and dry in many regions. Population Most people live on the coast/near rivers Chinese people live in the east, west is too rocky Japan people live on coast, interior too rocky Monsoons: Seasonal rains. Floods mostly South Asia. Brings necessary water Cyclone: Violent windstorms in Southeast Asia (consider a water tornado) China’s Population: One of two most populated areas. Has caused resource depletion and pollution. Instilled One Child Policy (until this year) India’s Population: Most people live in cities. Others live in the more traditional north areas. Japan Population: As said over there , people live on coast because of mountains

9. Pacific Rim: Countries that border Pacific Ocean. On tectonic plates. Do a lot of trade with each other Kashmir: Fertile area of land in Northwest India. Pakistan and India fight over it India & Pakistan: Britain owned the area until the 1940s. When they split the country into Hindu and Muslim areas, they made East & West Pakistan as well as India Outsourcing: Because of massive population and poor currency, people send factory jobs there to be done cheaper Hmong: Southeast ethnic group. Not very good at assimilating. Rigid customs Han: Largest ethnic group in the world. 99% of China Indo-Aryan: AKA Indian. Population of India with tradition in Hindu

10. Saudi Arabia ISRAEL  IRANIRAQ YEMEN  KUWAIT TURKEY

11. RED SEA EUPHRATES   TIGRIS RUB AL-KHALI ARABIAN SEA MEDITERRANEAN

12. EGYPT CONGO SOUTH AFRICA NIGERIA KENYA SUDAN S. SUDAN ETHOPIA  SOMALIA ANGOLA 

13.  NILE MOZAMBIQUE SAHARA SAHEL VICTORIA NIGER  MOZAMBIQUE  GIBRALTAR

14. VIETNAM INDONESIA S. CHINA SEA

15. CHINA MONGOLIA JAPAN INDIA HIMALAYS HUANG HE RIVER YANGTZE RIVER GANGES  GOBI DESERT BAY OF BENGAL