1. Chapter 3 Section 2

2. Latitude and Climate  How does Latitude influence Climate? Earth/sun relationship ○ More or less direct sun based on Latitude Bands or Zones group climates by Latitude

3. Low Latitudes  Between the Tropics Northern Boundary = Tropic of Cancer Southern Boundary = Tropic of Capricorn  Always receive direct rays  Warm to hot temperatures  Known as “The Tropics”

4. High Latitudes  North of the Artic Circle  South of the Antarctic Circle Experience continuous but indirect sunlight for 6 months of the year Never receives direct sun rays

5. Mid-Latitudes  Tropic of Cancer north to Artic Circle  Tropic of Capricorn south to Antarctic Circle Most variable weather Temperate ○ Lacking extremes

6. Elevation and Climate  Elevation: distance above sea level  Thinner air holds less heat -3.5 F for every 1000ft

7. Wind Currents  Wind= air moving across the face of the earth Occurs due to uneven heating of atmosphere and surface High pressure and low pressure ○ Create movement of air masses

8. Wind Patterns  Prevailing winds Global winds in consistent patterns Determined by latitude and Earth’s movement  Coriolis Effect Directionality of winds in Southern and Northern Hemispheres ○ Prevailing winds blow diagonally  Trade winds

9. The Horse Latitudes  Doldrums Generally windless area around the equator ○ Also north and south of the tropics  Ships were stranded Dwindling supplies Need to Lighten the load

10. Ocean Currents  Currents: predictable steams of warm and cold water moving through the ocean  Causes: Earth’s rotation Changing air pressure Differences in water temperature  Coriolis Effect

12. Weather and the Water cycle  Water affects and is affected by Temperature  Evaporation Condensation Precipitation

13. El Nino  A periodic change in the pattern of ocean currents and water temperature in the Mid-Pacific Reverse of Air pressure over the Pacific Domino Effect

14. Landforms and Climate  Same latitude + different land forms = different climate  Large Bodies of Water High Specific Heat More consistent temperatures

15. Land Forms and Climate cont.  Mountain Ranges: Air rises to pass over mountains affecting temperature and precipitation Windward: side facing the wind Leeward: opposite side not facing wind  Rain Shadow: Dry area found on leeward side of Mountains

16. Review  What Factors affect climate?