1. The Progressive Era, 1890-1920 © Edward T. O’Donnell, 2006

2. The Progressive Era The Progressive Era Defined Background on the Progressive Era Three Main Ideas of Progressivism Who Were the Progressives? Key Progressive Era Reforms The Darker Side of Progressivism

3. The Progressive Era Definition: The period from (roughly) 1890-1920 when many diverse groups in American society launched efforts to reform or eliminate the many social problems resulting from rapid industrialization, urbanization, and immigration.

4. Background to the Progressive Era Conquest of the West The Wounded Knee Massacre, 1890

5. Background to the Progressive Era Industrialization

6. Background to the Progressive Era Industrialization – Some Stats 18601900% INCREASE FACTORIES140,500510,000 263 VALUE FACTORY$1.9 bil$13 billion 584 PRODUCTION INDUSTRIAL1.3 mil5.1 mil 292 WORKERS PATENTS ISSUED4,58995,573 1,983 18601900% INCREASE OIL500,000 barrels45,824,000 9,065 barrels RAILROADS30,000 miles193,000 miles 543 STEEL13,000 tons10,382,000 7,9762 tons Gross National$7 billion$19 billion 171 Product

7. Background to the Progressive Era Industrialization

8. Background to the Progressive Era Urbanization 18901920 New York1,515,3015,620,048 Chicago1,099,8502,701,705

9. Background to the Progressive Era Jim Crow and the New South

10. Immigration In the late 1800s, the main reason many immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe settled in the United States was to seek economic opportunities (jobs)

11. Immigration The increase of available jobs is the main reason for the growth of major urban centers (urbanization) in the late 1800s.

12. Urbanization How did cities change at the turn of the century? – More industrial jobs – More immigrants – More “political machines” – More polluted – Dirtier – More crowded

13. Ethnic Enclaves What was an ethnic enclave? Why did immigrants choose to live in ethnic enclaves?

14. Ethnic Enclaves Immigrants choose to live in ethnic enclaves to make communication easier, to find familiar places to worship, and to obtain ethnic foods and goods.