1. Muscle Tissue Types (Table 5-3) –Skeletal, or striated voluntary (Figure 5-25) –Smooth, or nonstriated involuntary, or visceral (Figures 5-26, 27) –Cardiac, or striated involuntary (Figure 5-28) Microscopic characteristics –Skeletal muscle Threadlike cells with many cross striations and many nuclei per cell –Smooth muscle Elongated, narrow cells, no cross striations, one nucleus per cell –Cardiac muscle Branching cells with intercalated disks (formed by abutment of plasma membranes of two cells)

2. Skeletal Muscle

3. Smooth Muscle

5. Cardiac Muscle

7. Nervous Tissue Functions –Rapid regulation and integration of body activities Specialized characteristics –Excitability –Conductivity Organs –Brain –Spinal cord –Nerves

8. Nervous Tissue Cell types (Table 5-7) –Neuron—conducting unit of system (Figure 5-29) Cell body, or soma Processes –Axon (single process) »Transmits nerve impulse away from the cell body –Dendrites (one or more) »Transmit nerve impulse toward the cell body and axon –Neuroglia—special connecting, supporting, coordinating cells that surround the neurons

10. Tissue Repair Tissues have a varying capacity to repair themselves –Damaged tissue regenerates or is replaced by scar tissue Regeneration –Growth of new tissue (Figure 5-30) Scar –Dense fibrous mass –Unusually thick scar is a keloid (Figure 5-31) Epithelial and connective tissues have the greatest ability to regenerate Muscle and nervous tissues have a limited capacity to regenerate –Muscle is often replaced by connective tissue –Neurons outside the brain may regenerate slowly –Neurons in the brain and spinal cord do not regenerate

13. Body Membranes Thin tissue layers that cover surfaces, line cavities, and divide spaces or organs Epithelial membranes are most common type –Cutaneous membrane (skin) Primary organ of integumentary system One of the most important organs Composes approximately 16% of body weight Superficial layer of epithelial cells Underlying layer of supportive connective tissue

15. Body Membranes Epithelial membranes (cont.) –Serous membrane (serosa) Thin layer of simple squamous epithelium Thin sheet of supporting connective tissue Parietal membranes –Line closed body cavities Visceral membranes –Cover visceral organs Pleura –Surrounds the lungs and lines the thoracic cavity Peritoneum –Covers the abdominal viscera and lines the abdominal cavity

17. Body Membranes Epithelial membranes (cont.) –Mucous membrane (mucosa) Lines and protects organs that open to the exterior of the body Found lining ducts and passageways of respiratory, digestive, other tracts –Stratified squamous in esophagus –Simple columnar in digestive tract Lamina propria—fibrous connective tissue underlying mucous epithelium Mucus is made up mostly of water and mucins—proteoglycans that form a double-layer protection against environmental microbes (Figure 5-41)

19. Body Membranes Connective tissue membranes –Do not contain epithelial components –Synovial membranes Line the spaces between bone in joints –Have smooth and slick membranes that secrete synovial fluid –Help reduce friction between opposing surfaces in a moveable joint –Synovial membranes also line bursae

22. The Big Picture: Tissues, Membranes, and the Whole Body Tissues and membranes maintain homeostasis –Epithelial tissues Form membranes that contain and protect the internal fluid environment Absorb nutrients Secrete products that regulate functions involved in homeostasis –Connective tissues Hold organs and systems together Form structures that support the body and permit movement

23. The Big Picture: Tissues, Membranes, and the Whole Body Tissues and membranes maintain homeostasis (cont.) –Muscle tissues Work with connective tissues to permit movement –Nervous tissues Work with glandular epithelial tissue to regulate body function

24. Inflammation

25. Cancer