1. Paid employment and common mental disorders around retirement Gayan Perera Robert Stewart King’s College London (IoPPN) WHERL is an interdisciplinary consortium funded by the cross- research council Lifelong Health and Wellbeing (LLHW) programme under Extending Working Lives (ES/L002825/1)

2. Background Employment trend by age in UKEmployment and mental health Well-recognised association between unemployment and worse mental health (e.g. meta-analysis, Paul et al., 2009). Mental health and employment status around retirement has not been adequately described (particularly longitudinal trajectories). ONS. Labour Force Survey

3. Number of people of state pension age (SPA) and above who remain in work almost doubled between 1993-2011 (now 1.4m; ONS, 2012) Proportion of people remaining in the workforce after SPA has also increased (7.6% in 1993 to 12.0% in 2011; ONS, 2012) Employment in older populations

4. Effect of paid work on health and well-being in later life Some studies suggest paid employment after SPA is beneficial for health and well-being (Adam et al., 2007; Rohwedder and Willis, 2010; Behnke, 2012; Bonsang et al., 2012; Calvo et al., 2013) Some suggest that it is detrimental (Coe and Zamarro, 2011) and some that there is no significant or meaningful relationship (Coe and Lindeboom, 2008; Coe and Zamarro, 2011; Behnke, 2012; Calvo et al., 2013).

5. British Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Surveys, a cross- sectional survey in nationally representative samples. Three surveys to date: 1993, 2000, 2007 (2014 survey complete but data not yet available). Focus for these analyses: 50-64 year olds living in England (1993, 2000, 2007) 65-74 year olds living in England (2000, 2007) Data

6. Paid employment and common mental disorders in 50-64 year olds: analysis of 14 years of national data (1993-2007) Gayan Perera 1, Karen Glaser 1, Rob Stewart 1, et al 1 King’s College London WHERL is an interdisciplinary consortium funded by the cross-research council Lifelong Health and Wellbeing (LLHW) programme under Extending Working Lives (ES/L002825/1)

7. Prevalences of Common Mental Disorders (CMD) in 50-64 year olds

8. CMD by employment status

9. * Adjusted for age, marital status, highest qualification, social class, tenure, serious debt, smoking status Association* between non- employment and CMD

10. * Adjusted for age, marital status, highest qualification, social class, tenure, serious debt, smoking status. Reference group is those in paid employment.

11. Association* between non- employment and CMD

12. Paid employment and common mental disorder in 65- 74 year olds: analysis of 7 years of national data (2000-2007) Gayan Perera 1, Karen Glaser 1, Rob Stewart 1 et al 1 King’s College London WHERL is an interdisciplinary consortium funded by the cross-research council Lifelong Health and Wellbeing (LLHW) programme under Extending Working Lives (ES/L002825/1)

13. CMD by employment status: 65-74 year olds

14. Association between non-employment and CMD in 65-74 year olds * Adjusted for age, marital status, highest qualification, social class, tenure, serious debt, smoking status. Reference group is those in paid employment.

15. Summary More people in work in 50-74 year age groups (Modest) increase in CMD prevalence over time People in work are healthier (before and after age 65) Non-employment prior to 65 only associated with CMD if due to health reasons (but independent of current physical health) – No consistent time-trends (apart from men in 2000) – Similar for men and women (apart from 2000) Non-employment after 65 associated with CMD – But only independently in 2007

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