1. Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, IncSlides created by Bob Koziel

2. Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc 2 Tips for using the slide show Use MS Power Point XP to view the presentation. Earlier versions will not show the animations correctly. Slides with : Click the slide to view all of its sections and animations. Some slides need to be clicked several times. will appear once the last object on the slide has appeared. Click to go to the next slide. represents an Internet link that will take you to the Web site when you click on it. Internet connection required. Clicking on the or icon will take you to the previous or the next slide. Slides with videos or sounds: Click on the picture to view videos or listen to sounds. NEXT SLIDE I NEXT SLIDE Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc

3. ﴀ Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc 3 Spotlight 4: Multimedia and Virtual Reality NEXT SLIDE

4. ﴀ Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc 4 Click on image to view multimedia presentation Video clip from Compton’s Interactive Encyclopedia Version 2.01VW Multimedia and Virtual Reality is any presentation that involves two or more media such as text, graphics, and sound. Multimedia is any presentation that involves two or more media such as text, graphics, and sound. is a type of multimedia in which users can choose their own path through the presentation. Examples: Computer games, surfing the Net, and interactive encyclopedias. Interactive multimedia is a type of multimedia in which users can choose their own path through the presentation. Examples: Computer games, surfing the Net, and interactive encyclopedias. NEXT SLIDE

5. ﴀ Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc 5 Sound Card CD-ROM / DVD Drive Video Graphics Adapter Multimedia Hardware NEXT SLIDE

6. ﴀ Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc 6 Computer Games Interactive References Information Kiosks Multimedia Applications NEXT SLIDE

7. ﴀ Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc 7 Compression and Decompression (Codecs) are the compression/decompression algorithms used by software programs to reduce the size of multimedia files. Codecs are the compression/decompression algorithms used by software programs to reduce the size of multimedia files. Lossless Compression The original file is compressed so that it can be completely restored during decompression. Lossy Compression The original file is compressed so that some information is permanently removed. Removed information won’t be noticed by the viewer. NEXT SLIDE

8. ﴀ Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc 8  Paint programs are used to create bit-mapped graphics (), which are composed of tiny dots.  Paint programs are used to create bit-mapped graphics (raster graphics), which are composed of tiny dots.  The amount of video RAM determines how many colors can be displayed. – 8 bits of color per pixel.  256 colors– 8 bits of color per pixel. – 24 bits of color per pixel.  16.7 million colors– 24 bits of color per pixel. Paint Programs NEXT SLIDE

9. ﴀ Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc 9 Paint File Formats  File formats used by paint programs include: ()– A 256-color file format. It uses lossless compression. It is used for simple images.  GIF (Graphics Interchange Format)– A 256-color file format. It uses lossless compression. It is used for simple images. ()– A 16.7 million-color file format. It uses lossy compression and is used for complex images such as photographs.  JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)– A 16.7 million-color file format. It uses lossy compression and is used for complex images such as photographs. ()– An alternative to GIF. It uses lossless compression.  PNG (Portable Network Graphics)– An alternative to GIF. It uses lossless compression. ()– The standard format developed for Microsoft Windows. Compression is optional.  BMP (Windows Bitmap)– The standard format developed for Microsoft Windows. Compression is optional. NEXT SLIDE

10. ﴀ Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc 10 Sample Paint Program NEXT SLIDE

11. ﴀ Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc 11 are sophisticated versions of paint programs.  Image editors are sophisticated versions of paint programs.  They are designed for editing and transforming images.  They add special effects to photographs. Image Editors NEXT SLIDE

12. ﴀ Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc 12 Drawing Programs  Drawing programs are used to create.  Drawing programs are used to create vector graphics.  Each on-screen object is stored as a mathematical description.  Each object can be edited without distortion. language is used.  PostScript language is used. () is the file format.  Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) is the file format. NEXT SLIDE

13. ﴀ Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc 13 Animation Programs is a still image displayed at a high frame rate to create the illusion of movement.  Animation is a still image displayed at a high frame rate to create the illusion of movement.  GIF file format is used. NEXT SLIDE

14. ﴀ Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc 14 3-D Rendering Programs adds three dimensional effects to graphics objects.  3-D rendering adds three dimensional effects to graphics objects.  Ray-tracing adds realism by varying color intensity. NEXT SLIDE

15. ﴀ Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc 15 Video Editors enable modification of digitized videos.  Video editors enable modification of digitized videos.  File formats include: ()– Uses lossy compression.  MPEG (Moving Pictures Experts Group)– Uses lossy compression. – Developed by Apple Computer. It is widely used in CD-ROM productions.  Quicktime– Developed by Apple Computer. It is widely used in CD-ROM productions. – File format for Microsoft Windows is not adequate for full-screen, broadcast-quality video.  AVI– File format for Microsoft Windows is not adequate for full-screen, broadcast-quality video. – Used on the Internet. The video begins playing when a link is clicked.  Streaming video– Used on the Internet. The video begins playing when a link is clicked. NEXT SLIDE

16. ﴀ Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc 16 Audio Software  captures and processes sound.  Audio software captures and processes sound.  Audio programs include:  Sound mixers  Compression software  Bass enhancers  Synthesized stereo  Music composition NEXT SLIDE

17. ﴀ Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc 17 Audio File Formats  Audio file formats include: – CD-quality digital audio. It has a compression rate of 12:1.  MP3– CD-quality digital audio. It has a compression rate of 12:1. – Low-fidelity format is used for sample sounds on the Internet.  AU– Low-fidelity format is used for sample sounds on the Internet. – Default Microsoft Windows format. Files come in a variety of quality levels. They are not compressed.  WAV– Default Microsoft Windows format. Files come in a variety of quality levels. They are not compressed. – Popular streaming audio format used on the Internet.  RealAudio– Popular streaming audio format used on the Internet. ()– Contains text-based descriptions for synthesizers.  MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface)– Contains text-based descriptions for synthesizers. NEXT SLIDE

18. ﴀ Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc 18  Authoring tools are used to create multimedia presentations.  A scripting programming language is needed for some tools.  Commercial authoring tools use proprietary formats.  To play a proprietary program a needs to be installed.  To play a proprietary program a plug-in needs to be installed. ()– Created by the World Wide Web Consortium for Web pages.  Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL)– Created by the World Wide Web Consortium for Web pages. Multimedia Authoring Systems NEXT SLIDE

19. ﴀ Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc 19 is the creation of an immersive, three- dimensional world.  Virtual reality is the creation of an immersive, three- dimensional world. – A helmet equipped with stereo LCD displays that creates a virtual environment.  Head-mounted display– A helmet equipped with stereo LCD displays that creates a virtual environment. ()– Projects stereo images on walls. Special shutter glasses are worn to create illusions.  CAVE (Cave Automatic Virtual Environment)– Projects stereo images on walls. Special shutter glasses are worn to create illusions. ()– A Web accessible three-dimension programming language. A Web browser needs a VRML plug-in to view the VRML “world.”  VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language)– A Web accessible three-dimension programming language. A Web browser needs a VRML plug-in to view the VRML “world.” Virtual Reality NEXT SLIDE

20. ﴀ Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc 20 Virtual Reality Applications  Applications of virtual reality include: – Used to train fighter pilots and combat soldiers.  Military– Used to train fighter pilots and combat soldiers. – Clients walk through an architect’s design.  Architecture– Clients walk through an architect’s design. – Used to train surgeons in surgical techniques.  Medical– Used to train surgeons in surgical techniques. – Used to analyze complex, three- dimensional structures.  Manufacturing– Used to analyze complex, three- dimensional structures. NEXT SLIDE

21. ﴀ Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc 21  $6 billion spent on computer games a year.  Popular computer games offer three-dimensional environments for the players.  Internet-based games use something called, which enables players to compete against other players.  Internet-based games use something called multiplayer online gaming, which enables players to compete against other players.  Action games account for one-third of all games. Most popular games are “splatter” (blood and violence). A controversy exists over the violence in the games. ()– Role playing games in a text-only environment that are played on the Internet.  MUDs (Multi-user dungeons)– Role playing games in a text-only environment that are played on the Internet. ()– Use a three-dimensional, graphical environment and are played on the Internet.  gMUDs (Graphical MUDs)– Use a three-dimensional, graphical environment and are played on the Internet. Computer Games NEXT SLIDE

22. ﴀ Copyright © 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc 22 THE END