1. Starter Activity… Spot Test… Identify the three somatotypes (3)
What ideal somatotype would a long distance runner be? (1)
Explain two characteristics of an endomorph (2)
Why is a mesomorph an ideal shape for a sprinter? (2)
TOTAL /8
Homework
What are recreational drugs?
What are performance enhancing drugs?

2. Optimum Weight
GCSE PE

3. Learning objectives…
To identify the meaning of expected and optimum weight
To understand the meaning of being underweight, overweight, overfat and obese
To evaluate the effect these conditions have on performance

4. Optimum weight…
Everyone’s expected and optimum weight is slightly different…
Expected weight
The weight you expect them to be
Optimum weight
The weight at which you perform your best

5. Optimum weight… Your optimum weight depends on 4 things… Height
The taller someone is, the larger their body – so the heavier you would expect them to be.
2) Bone structure
Some people have a larger bone structure than others. The more bone you have, the higher your optimum weight will be.
Muscle girth
This is your measurement of the circumference of your muscles when they’re flexed. Some people naturally have more muscle than others – which means they will have a higher optimum weight.
Gender
Men and women naturally have different body compositions. Men usually have larger bone structure and more muscle than women, so they generally have higher optimum weights.

6. Match up exercise!
Try your best to match up the following key words with their definitions!
Underweight
Obese
Overfat
Anorexic
Overweight
An eating disorder where sufferers believe they are fat and starve themselves to lose weight
Having more body fat than you should
Weighing more than is normal
Being very overfat
Weighing less than is normal, needed or healthy

7. Underweight or overweight?
Being underweight means weighing less than is normal, needed or healthy
Being overweight means weighing more than is normal
Overfat means having more body fat than you should
Being obese means being very overfat
Anorexia is an eating disorder where sufferers think they’re fat and starve themselves to lose weight

8. Examples…
A jockey may be underweight compared to his expected weight, but at his optimum weight for his sport – the less he weighs, the faster his horse will be able to run
A boxer may be overweight compared to his expected weight, but at his optimum fighting weight
Can you think of any other examples from sport where expected and optimum weight may vary? Write a paragraph in your book explaining this.

9. How do these conditions affect performance?
Have a think with your partner about how these conditions can affect performance in sport…
Overweight
Overfat/obese
Underweight

10. Overweight…
Being overweight means you are carrying extra weight around. This means that you can get tired more easily, so you might not be able to do endurance sports like long distance running.

11. Overfat/obese…
Being overfat or obese can also limit your flexibility and movement. The stress the excess weight puts on the body and the heart can make doing exercise potentially harmful.
Why would exercise be harmful...?
What physical changes may of occurred that could cause harm?

12. Underweight…
Being underweight because of poor diet may mean you don’t have enough energy or muscular endurance to do physical activities for a long time.
What conditions can this lead to?
How would you explain anorexia? How would it effect an individual?

13. Anorexia…
Anorexia is an eating disorder where sufferers starve themselves to lose weight. Without sufficient nutrients, they will feel extremely tired. Their muscles will start to waste away and their bones weaken. This can make doing physical activity extremely difficult.

14. Exam questions…
Which one of the following correctly identifies four factors affecting optimum weight?
Bone structure, gender, muscle girth, height
Height, diet, muscle growth, body composition
Bone structure, age, muscle mass, weight
Body composition, muscle mass, sport played, height

15. Exam questions… Which one of the following statements is correct?
Obese – a term meaning very overweight
Overweight – a term meaning excess body fat
Overfat – a term meaning weight in excess of normal
Anorexic – A term meaning a prolonged eating disorder due to loss of apetite

16. Exam questions…
The performers above have very different optimum weights compared to performers in other athletic events such as shot putt and sprinting.
State two factors that will cause optimum weight to vary between individuals competing in the same event. (2 marks)

17. Exam questions…

18. Good explanations why and linked to somatotypes…
Make a weight timeline/scale for 6 different athletes, explaining why for two contrasting individuals. Use the terms expected and optimum weight
60 kg 70kg 80kg 90kg 100kg 110kg 120kg 130kg 140kg
Lebron James
113kg (17’7)
Mo Farah
58kg (9’1)
Chris Robshaw
110kg (17’3)
Jessica Ennis Hill
57kg (9’0)
Serena Williams
68kg (10’7)
Wayne Rooney
79kg (12’4)
Higher grades
Good explanations why and linked to somatotypes…
Mo Farah
Distance Athlete
58kg
Mo Farah is underweight compared to his expected weight but is at optimum weight because…
Lebron James
113kg
Lebron James is Overweight compared to his expected weight but is at optimum weight because…

19. Learning objectives…
To identify the meaning of expected and optimum weight
To understand the meaning of being underweight, overweight, overfat and obese
To evaluate the effect these conditions have on performance

20. Homework…
Research Task! Find answers to the following questions… What are recreational drugs? What are performance enhancing drugs? Give examples in your research! Bring your findings to next lesson.