1. BREAKAWAY SKILLS Diane Carpenter and James Wilson Chapter 8

2. Introduction This presentation includes a number of exercises for you to work through in your learning group. They have been designed to test your skills when confronted with an aversive or confrontational situation.

3. Guess the emotion Q. Think you are good at reading people? You will need a pen and paper for this exercise. You are about to see a number of photos. Write down the emotion you think each person is trying to convey.

10. Personal Space Q. How close is close enough? In your learning groups, estimate the distance you should stand from someone in order to avoid invading their personal space. At which point would this change? When you have your answers, look at the next slides to see how you got on.

11. This is a distance of 6ft – acceptable ‘public’ space

12. This is a distance of 3-4ft. At this point you are encroaching on someone’s personal space.

13. At a distance of less than 1ft, you are invading personal space

14. How do we look when viewed by others? Q. Look at this photograph. What do you infer about the person based on his stance, dress and appearance?

15. Q. What non-verbal messages do you pick up from each of these pictures?

16. Q. In your learning groups discuss what is wrong with the pictures on the next few slides. What do you think is going to happen next? Note: these images are stills, and you can see the full video clips by clicking the video links on the main chapter page. Situational Risks

19. Clothing Q. In your learning groups discuss the clothing of the healthcare professionals in the next few slides. Are they dressed acceptably?

20. Badge with Lanyard Decorative Rings Short Skirt High Heeled Shoes

21. Long Hair (Worn Loose) Chunky Necklace T-Shirt with pictures/logos which may be perceived as offensive or aversive Knee High Boots

22. Traditional Tie (Worn Loose) High Leg Boots

23. Ponytail Ear Rings Low Neck Shirt

24. Q. Now look at these specific items of clothing – would they be suitable for work? If not, why not?

30. Stance Q. Look at the following pictures. Refer to the printed chapter as necessary. Is how we stand important? You should also use these images to comment on the areas of vulnerability in the event of receiving a strike. Pictures 3 and 4 are included with some notes at the end.

35. Risk of very serious injury or death e.g. head, internal organs Risk of moderate injury. Injuries that may incur permanent impairment e.g. joints and ribs Risk of mild to moderate injury. Injuries are painful but usually incur no lasting impairment e.g. main muscle groups

36. Attention should be paid to the back of the neck, which is a particularly vulnerable point.