1. CHAPTER 7 Infectious Diseases from a Global Perspective

2. In the 30 th century, the race to combat infectious diseases made great strides in saving millions of lives as nations became more developed through industrialization, advances in prevention and health promotion education, and pharmacological innovation.

3. Despite gains, viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic diseases continue to cause one- fourth of all deaths in the world

4. Complex issues surrounding infectious diseases include: Geography Environment Economics Population characteristics Transportation Health condition

5. As of 2011, the World Health Organization reported that the leading causes of infectious disease deaths are: HIV/AIDS Tuberculosis lower respiratory infections (influenza, pneumonia) Diarrheal diseases

6. Historically Bubonic plague (The Black Death) Typhoid Mary

7. People and Environment: Epidemiology and Regional Impact Cholera Remains a global threat and is one of the key indicators of social development Dengue Fever (Arbovirus) Malaria (Plasmodiums: falciparum, malaniae, ovale, vivax)

8. People and Environment: Epidemiology and Regional Impact Avian (Bird) Flu (H5N1) West Nile Virus (Arbovirus) SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) Ebola Escherichia coli Influenza

9. People and Environment: Epidemiology and Regional Impact Hepatitis A, B, and C Hepatitis A “fecal-oral” Hepatitis B “serum hepatitis” Hepatitis C “viral time bomb”

10. People and Environment: Epidemiology and Regional Impact Syphilis (Treponema pallidum) Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

11. Interdisciplinary and Systemic Impact on Infectious Diseases Infectious diseases can bring about death in many forms: Intentional Unintentional

12. Infectious Disease Surveillance Global, disease detection through a mature information collection system –identify disease occurrence and undertake activities to prevent those diseases from becoming a threat to global health