1. BIOLOGY 12 Evolution - History - Darwin and the Beagle - Evidence

2. History Hutton - theory of actualism - states that the same geological processes occurring in the present, also occurred in the past Lyell - theory of uniformitarianism - states that the Earth had undergone and continues to undergo slow, steady, and very gradual changes E.Darwin - Charles Darwin’s grandfather - proposed all life may have a single source Lamarck Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine deMonet, Chevalier de Lamarck - first to recognize that the environment plays a role in evolution - also postulated theory of acquired traits

3. Charles Darwin 1809-1882

4. Early Years born the fifth of six children to a wealthy family in Shrewsbury England father was a famous Physician mother died when he was eight attended Edinburgh University to become a Physician – this did not work out… was passionate about Natural History (esp. Beetles) studied at Christ’s College Cambridge – Graduated 1828 professor invited him to join voyage of the Beagle

5. Voyage of the Beagle Let’s go!!!

6. Evidence for Evolution Article 1.fossil evidence 2.comparative anatomy - homologous and analogous structures - vestigial features - developmental biology 3.genetics

7. Fossil Evidence the fossil record is the history of life recorded by remains from the past it traces history of life and allows us to study history of particular organisms

8. Comparitive Anatomy organisms have anatomical similarities when they are closely related because of common descent homologous structures are structures that share a common origin but may serve different functions in modern species ex dolphin flippers and human hands analogous structures are structures similar in function but not in origin or anatomical structure ex wings of birds and bees

9. Vestigial Features vestigial features rudimentary or nonfunctioning structures that are homologous to fully functioning strucutres in closely related species  are remains of a structure that was functional in some ancestor but is no longer functional in the organism in question  ex most birds have well-developed wings; some bird species have reduced wings and do not fly  ex humans have a tailbone but no tail

10. Developmental Biology embryological development reveals a unity of plan ex during development, all vertebrates have a post- anal tail and paired pharyngeal pouches in fishes and amphibian larvae, the pouches become gills in humans, first pair of pouches becomes a cavity of middle ear and auditory tube; second pair becomes tonsil, while third and fourth pairs become thymus and parathyroid glands

11. “evo devo” Example DISTAL-LESS: gene responsible for limb formation in mice to humans