1. Write down 3 things you notice about the Periodic Table I’ve given you and 1 question you have about it.

2. The Periodic Table – A Brief History Search For Order – 1789 – Only 17 elements were known – French Chemist Lavoisier: Grouped into: metals, nonmetals, gases, earths Scientists looked for different ways to classify the elements, but couldn’t find an organizing principle that worked for all known elements.

3. Mendeleev’s Periodic Table – By 1860, only 63 elements were known – Inspiration from favorite game: Solitaire – His table: Arranged the elements into rows by increasing mass. Arranged it so that similar elements were in the same column – His prediction: Table was not complete, since some elements had not been discovered Left blank spaces so that they could be filled later on – Evidence for Mendeleev’s Table 1875- a chemist found one of the missing elements, and was able to fit it into the table

4. Elements are arranged by increasing atomic number (number of protons). Atomic masses also get bigger as you read across and down the table. Ch. 5 The Periodic Table

5.  Periodic Law Properties of elements repeat in a predictable way when atomic numbers are used to arrange elements into groups.

6. Periods and Groups Each row (across) in the periodic table is a period. Each column (up and down) is a group or family. Group (Family) Period

7. Groups Elements within a group have similar properties. Elements in a group have similar properties because they have the same number of valence electrons. The number of valence electrons is the same as the column number (the Roman Numeral).

8. Valence Electrons – e - in the outermost (highest) energy level – play a key role in chemical reactions.  All atoms “want” to have 8 valence electrons. That is why they bond to other atoms.

9. Dots represent the valence e -. EX: Sodium  EX: Chlorine Electron Dot Diagrams

10. Practice Draw me the electron dot models for the following: Neon Boron Hydrogen Iodine

11. Metals, nonmetals, and metalloids Metal = Metals are losers... they give away (lose) electrons. Good conductors of electrical current and heat. Except mercury, they are solids at room temperature. Nonmetal = Nonmetals are needy… they need to take electrons from other elements. Poor conductors of heat and electrical current. Metalloids = elements with properties that fall between metals and nonmetals. Properties vary with temperature!

13. Periods Rows in table Same energy level within each period (same # of orbitals) Hydrogen and helium have_________ orbitals. Calcium and cobalt have __________ orbitals. Go to representative groups

14. Reactivity Reactivity = how readily a substance combines chemically with another substance. Metals are most reactive from bottom to top and left to right. Nonmetals are most reactive from top to bottom and right to left. (Except the noble gases, which don’t react with anything.)

15. Ionization Energy and Electronegativity Ionization Energy is how much energy is needed to remove an electron from an atom. Electronegativity is how well an atom can attract electrons to form a bond. It is the result of the relationship between the number of protons in an atom’s nucleus, its total number of electrons, and the distance of its outermost shell from the nucleus.

16. Increasing Reactivity Increasing Electronegativity and Ionization Energy

17. Charges Each group has a charge associated with it. This is based on whether they give away electrons (metals) or take them (nonmetals). 1A = +1 2A=+2 3A=+3 4A=±4 5A=-3 6A=-2 7A=-1 8A=0 (neutral)

18. Periodic Table Family Photo Album Make a paper album or go online and make it on www.mixbook.com or prezi or ppt or whatever floats your boat. www.mixbook.com Include: A cover page A spread for each family including: 1.A list of all members 2.At least 3 pictures 3.A list of common uses for family members. 4.A description of family chemical characteristics 5.A description of family physical characteristics. Due Monday!!!! Seriously! – if you make it online, email me a link to it. Connie_Mitchell@abss.k12.nc.us

19. Periodic Table Project…..Due Monday We are going to make a giant class-sized periodic table. For each element include a small picture (in color) and brief description. USE THE TEMPLATE!!!!! Can print your own, or email them to me, and I will print them. Connie_Mitchell@abss.k12.nc.us Mercury 80 Hg 200.59 Also called quicksilver. A liquid at room temperature. Used in thermometers, barometers, and some vaccines.

20. Rank the following metals from most reactive to least reactive: Ba, Al, Sn, and K Rank the following non-metals from most reactive to least reactive: Cl, Br, S Name the 8 group names, how many valence electrons each group has, and what each groups charges are.

21. K Ba Al S Cl Br S Alkali 1A = +1, Alkaline Metal 2A=+2, Boron 3A=+3, 4A=±4 Carbon, 5A=-3 Nitrogen, 6A=-2 Oxygen, 7A=-1 Halogen, 8A=0 Noble Gases