1. The Great War – WWI From Neutrality to War 10.1 Introduction to WWI

2. The 4 Causes of WWI Nationalism Imperialism Militarism Alliance System THESE ARE THE M.A.I.N. CAUSES

3. Nationalism A devotion to the interests and culture of one’s nation Big competition among nations in Europe and many feared Germany’s growing power Russia and Austria-Hungary were rivals over their influence in Serbia

4. Imperialism Empire-building in Europe As Germany industrialized it competed with France and Britain for colonies (raw materials).

5. Militarism The development of armed forces & their use as a tool of diplomacy Imperialism & nationalism = expand military to protect empires and illustrate strength/pride By 1890 the strongest nation was Germany (set up a reserve and draft) = arms race b/w Britain, France, U.S., Italy, and Japan.

6. Alliance System By 1907, two major alliance systems to prepare for eventual war: 1.Triple Entente = France, Britain, Russia, Serbia 2.Triple Alliance = Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy  Italy ends up fighting w/ the Allies though Encouraged leaders to act more recklessly. A system of international security, set off by a spark that caused an international issue!

8. Assassination Leads to War Archduke Franz Ferdinand killed by a Serbian nationalist (Gavrilo Princip) ∴ Aust-Hgry declares war on Serbia  The alliance system pulled one nation after the other into the fighting = The Great War

9. Alliances Cause A Chain Reaction Allied Powers: Britain, France, Russia, Serbia Central Powers: Germany, Austria- Hungary and the Ottoman Empire

11. Schlieffen Plan Battle of the Marne leads to Trench warfare

12. Deadly Technology Leads to Stalemate In trenches, the Germans fortified their positions When Fr. and Br. got close enough they unleased machine guns and artillery Killed thousands The Allied Powers then did the same in return This became the Western Front Very different war than others before  considered the first modern war Introduction of chemical warfare

13. WWI Machine Gun

14. WWI Tank

15. WWI Airplane

16. WWI Balloons

17. Poison Gas

18. Weapons Machine gun – not a new weapon, highly refined Tank – built out of steel so bullets bounced off, could drive through barbed wire fences, served to clear a path for foot soldiers Airplanes – flimsy, and were often subject to tank fire, but air “dogfights” became common  German interrupter gear! Balloons: used for observation and protected by aircraft Poison Gas: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DTY7v1Q_vnc https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DTY7v1Q_vnc

19. Trench Warfare on the Western Front 60,000 lives lost in a day, continued battle for 3 years over 7 miles of land Trench foot “No man’s land” to attack

22. Americans Question Neutrality 1914 – Why intervene in fight 3,000 miles away? But… Many Americans had opinions on who they wanted to win: German immigrants & Irish opposed Britain Jewish Americans wanted to see Russia defeated Ties to Britain (language, democracy, legal systems) Germany = bully of the Europe, attacks civilians

23. Economic Ties to Allies America’s trade with Britain and France is 2x that of w/Germany Allies rely heavily on America’s manufacturers during the first 2 years of the war 1915 – labor shortage in U.S. b/c so much demand for war supplies

24. The War Hits Home Most ppl favored victory for Allies and by 1917 favored going to war to support them b/c: Ensure Allies repaid their debts to the U.S. To prevent Germans from threatening U.S. shipping

25. House Divided Interventionists Isolationists Internationalists – U.S. should play an active role in world affairs but not enter the war

26. British Blockade Britain blockaded the German coast to prevent delivery of weapons + other supplies ∴ American ships w/supplies for Germany seldom got thru + Germany found it increasingly difficult to import food and fertilizer = famine, 750,000 lost their lives due to starvation Initially, America mad about blockade BUT...

27. German U-Boat Response German submarines attacking ANY Allied ship May 7, 1915: Lusitania hit, 128 Americans killed July 1915: Arabic sunk, 2 American’s killed March 1916: Sussex sunk, 80 passengers including Americans killed Unless British lifted the Blockade, German’s would continue U-Boat attacks

28. Wilson and the War 1916 – Wilson won re-election “He kept us out of the war” Wilson called for peace but Germany declined + resumed unrestricted sub warfare

29. Zimmerman Note Telegram from German foreign minister to German ambassador in Mexico Intercepted by the British Proposed an alliance b/w Germany and Mexico to get TX, NM, and AZ back for Mexico Followed by sinking of 4 unarmed American merchant ships, killing 36 people

31. A final push Russia replaces its monarchy with a representative gov’t ∴ now a war b/w democracies vs. monarchies Congress declares war in April, 1917