1. Cell Structures, Functions and Transport

2. Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.

3. Definition of a Cell A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

4. Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

5. Prokaryotic Do not have structures surrounded by membranes Few internal structures One-celled organisms, Bacteria

6. Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by membranes Most living organisms

7. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 1. Nucleus Nickname: “The Control Center” Function: holds the DNA Parts: 1. Nucleolus: dark spot in the middle of the nucleus that helps make ribosomes

8. Nucleolus Inside nucleus Contains RNA to build proteins

9. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 2. Ribosomes Function: makes proteins Found in all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic

10. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 3. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Nickname: “Roads” Function: The internal delivery system of the cell

11. Endoplasmic Reticulum 2 Types: 1. Rough ER: Rough appearance because it has ribosomes Function: helps make proteins, that’s why it has ribosomes 2. Smooth ER: NO ribosomes Function: makes fats or lipids

12. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 4. Golgi Complex Nickname: The shippers Function: packages, modifies, and transports materials to different location inside/outside of the cell Appearance: stack of pancakes

13. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 5. Lysosomes: circular, but bigger than ribosomes) Nickname: “Clean-up Crews” Function: to break down food into particles the rest of the cell can use and to destroy old cells

14. Cell Membrane Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell Double layer

15. Nuclear Membrane Surrounds nucleus Made of two layers Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus

16. Cytoplasm Gel-like mixture Surrounded by cell membrane Contains hereditary material

17. Mitochondria Breaks down food,turns it into energy and releases it into the cell. Often known as the “Power House” of the cell. Some types of cells such as muscle cells have a larger number of mitochondria because they are more active and require more energy.

18. Section 7-2 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes Golgi Bodies Mitochondria Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Nuclear membrain

19. Now let’s talk about structures only found in PLANT Cells!!

20. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 7. Vacuoles Function: stores water This is what makes lettuce crisp When there is no water, the plant wilts

21. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 8. Chloroplasts Function: traps energy from the sun to produce food for the plant cell Green in color because of chlorophyll, which is a green pigment

22. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 9. Cell Wall Function: provides support and protection to the cell membrane Found outside the cell membrane in plant cells

23. Plant Cell Cell Membrane Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Wall Nucleolus Nucleus Rough ER Smooth ER Golgi Bodies Mitochondria Ribosomes Cytoplasm

24. Comparing Plant and Animal Cells PlantAnimal