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STAAR Review World History. Political Philosophy Thomas Hobbes Sovereign authority-all powerful ruler John Locke Natural law and natural rights-all.

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Presentation on theme: "STAAR Review World History. Political Philosophy Thomas Hobbes Sovereign authority-all powerful ruler John Locke Natural law and natural rights-all."— Presentation transcript:

1 STAAR Review World History

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3 Political Philosophy Thomas Hobbes Sovereign authority-all powerful ruler John Locke Natural law and natural rights-all people are free and governed by nature Jean Jacques Rousseau Social contract-cooperative agreement among community Voltaire Religious tolerance-accepting/permitting religious beliefs and practices other than one’s own Charles de Montesquieu Separation of powers-division of centralized government powers William Blackstone Common law-law derived from customer common practice William Wilberforce Abolition-formally ending slavery

4 Influence on Democratic Revolutions Thomas Hobbes Justified absolutism leading to enlightenment and revolution John Locke Unalienable rights-”Life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness” Declaration of Independence-Thomas Jefferson Jean Jacques Rousseau US Constitution and constitutionalism- distribution of power is agreed upon Voltaire Ideas influence revolutionary leaders-US Bill of Rights and 1 st Amendment Charles de Montesquieu 3 branches of government and separation of powers-system of checks and balances to prevent absolutism William Blackstone Ideas influence revolutionary leaders- protecting individual rights William Wilberforce Begins movement to end slave trade 1807 British end slave trade

5 In his own words… Read the quotes and paraphrase the quotations in the middle column

6 Democratic Revolutions American Revolution: Causes: British taxes-”no taxation without representation”; influences from Enlightenment-Locke “Life, Liberty and property”; rights previously granted were denied or restricted

7 Characteristics: Boston Tea Party: civil disobedience Declaration of Independence War/Treaty Establishment of new government with US Constitution

8 Consequences: Greatly influences the French Revolution Further/later impacts Latin American Revolutions Development of democracy

9 People: Thomas Jefferson-writer of Declaration of Independence

10 French Revolution Causes: Social divisions-1 st, 2 nd, and 3 rd estates Enlightened ideas Financial crisis

11 Characteristics: Storming of Bastille Reign of Terror/Radical Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizens Constitutional Monarchy to Republic

12 Consequences: Challenged divine right Rise of capitalism Development of democracy and social equality

13 People: King Louis XVI Marie Antoinette Maximilien Robespierre Napoleon

14 Comparisons: Issues of taxation Influenced by Enlightenment Established democratic principles of government Established republican forms of government Overthrow of oppressive rule Violence-more in France than US

15 Ideas common to Revolutions: Nationalism-pride Liberty-freedom Democracy-government by the people Popular sovereignty-government gets power from the people

16 Latin American Revolutions Major events: colonial system restricted trade only to Spain People: Simon Bolivar-liberated Peru, Venezuela, Columbia, Ecuador and Bolivia Toussaint l’Ouverture-Haiti Jose de San Martin-Argentina and Chile Miguel Hidalgo-Mexico

17 How did the American and French Revolutions influence Latin America? Enlightenment ideas Outbreak of revolutions During Napoleonic Wars, Latin American colonies governed themselves

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19 Commercial: 1600-1700’s Transition from local economies and trade to global trade market

20 Free Enterprise: Adam Smith Economic freedom to choose: buy, work, and make Right to own property Right to make profit Limited government interference Laissez-faire Price and production controlled by law of supply and demand

21 Change: Mass production Urbanization Worse working conditions Reform/unions Child labor

22 Industrial Revolution 1700-1800’s Starts in Great Britain-geography, communication and transportation Textile Revolution-increased production of cotton thread and cloth Factory System-products made faster by machines Transportation Revolution-steam owned powers; steamboat and railroads

23 Steam engine-James Watt Electric light bulb-Thomas Edison Pasteurization-Louis Pasteur Radioactivity-Marie Curie

24 Socialism Reform in the workplace through political action Government ownership of basic industries School, public transportation, health care

25 Communism: Karl Marx-Communist Manifesto Violent revolution Classless society No private property Felt capitalists oppressed workers

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