1. LARGE MARINE ECOSYSTEMS: MEGAREGIONAL BEST PRACTICES for LME ASSESSMENT and MANAGEMENT Workshop convened at GEF – IWC8 Negombo, Sri Lanka May 9, 2016 Kenneth Sherman, NOAA LME Program Andrew Hudson, UNDP Water and Ocean Governance Programme 1

2. 2 Large Marine Ecosystems are Naturally Formed Coastal Ocean Management Areas

3. 3

4. 80% OF THE WORLD’S FISHERIES CATCHES ARE PRODUCED IN 66 LARGE MARINE ECOSYSTEMS 4

5. Courtesy of Villy Christensen, UBC, Fisheries Centre 5

6. ESTIMATED SOCIOECONOMIC VALUE OF LMEs Goods and Services Contribute $12.6 Trillion Annually to the Global Economy Costanza et al., NATURE, Vol. 287/ 15 May 1997 6

7. 5 MODULES WITH INDICATORS 7

8. 8 1992 Rio “Prevent, reduce, and control degradation of the marine environment so as to maintain and improve its life support and productive capacities” 2002 Johannesburg “Encourage the application by 2010 of the ecosystem approach” 2012 Rio +20 “We therefore commit to protect and restore the health, productivity, and resilience of oceans and marine ecosystems….” Ecosystem Based Management of LMEs Supported by Agreed Upon Coastal Ocean Goals of 3 UN Environmental Summits

9. 9 Innovative Fusion Between Natural Science (Productivity, Fish & Fisheries, Pollution & Ecosystem Health) metrics and Social Science (Socioeconomics, Governance) metrics Integrated with the GEF Supported TDA – SAP Project Implementation Process GEF – LME Project Pathway to Science Supported United Nations’ EBM Practice Requires

10. 10 The 15 Fastest Warming LMEs (1982- 2006 Fusion Between LME Theory and LME - Assessment and Management TO EBM Practice 5 Modules Productivity Fish & Fisheries Pollution & Ecosystem Health Socioeconomic Governance Integrated via TDA SAP Practice Process

11. 11 LMEs are Global Centers of Effort to Introduce Ecosystem Based Management (EBM) Practices in Support of Sustaining Coastal Ocean Goods and Services

12. 12 ARCTIC NORTH AMERICA EUROPE SOUTH AMERICA ASIA AFRICA ANTARCTIC GLOBAL MEGAREGIONAL LME NETWORKS

13. 13 Arctic Council Actions and LMEs Reference Document PAME May 2013 & LME Volumes/Journals ICES Faroe Plateau LMEAleutian Islands LME Iceland Shelf and Sea LMEWest Bering Sea LME Greenland Sea LMENorthern Bering-Chukchi Seas LME Norwegian Sea LMECentral Arctic Ocean LME Barents Sea LMEBeaufort Sea LME Kara Sea LMEHudson Bay Complex LME Laptev Sea LMENewfoundland-Labrador Shelf LME East Siberian Sea LMECanadian High Arctic-North LME East Bering Sea LME Greenland LME MEGAREGIONAL LME NETWORK ARCTIC LMEs

14. 14 United States – EBM-NOP, ICES/PICES, LME Volumes/Journals Northeast US Continental Shelf LME Southeast US Continental Shelf LME Gulf of Mexico LME California Current LME Gulf of Alaska LME East Bering Sea LME Aleutian Islands LME Northern Bering-Chukchi Seas LME Beaufort Sea LME West Bering Sea LME Caribbean Sea LME Insular Pacific-Hawaiian LME NORTH AMERICAN LMEs

15. 15 Canada - Arctic Council and LME Volumes, NAFO-ICES, PICES Scotian Shelf LME Newfoundland-Labrador Shelf LME Hudson Bay Complex LME Canadian High Arctic-North Greenland LME Canadian Eastern Arctic-West Greenland LME Beaufort Sea LME Gulf of Alaska LME NORTH AMERICAN LMEs (cont.)

16. 16 LME Volumes/Journals, ICES-HELCOM North Sea LME Celtic-Biscay Shelf LME Iberian Coastal LME (GEF) Baltic Sea LME (GEF) Black Sea LME Norwegian Sea LME Barents Sea LME EUROPEAN LMEs

17. 17 Latin American LMEs - LME Volumes/Journals (GEF) Gulf of Mexico LME (GEF) Caribbean Sea LME (MOU) (GEF) North Brazil Shelf LME East Brazil Shelf LME South Brazil Shelf LME Patagonian Shelf LME (GEF) Humboldt Current LME Pacific Central-American LME Gulf of California LME LATIN AMERICAN LMEs

18. 18 African LMEs - Volumes/Journals, BCLME Commission, RFOs, African Caucus (GEF) Canary Current LME (GEF) Guinea Current LME (GEF) Benguela Current LME (GEF) Somali Coastal Current LME (GEF) Agulhas Current LME (GEF) Red Sea LME (GEF) Mediterranean Sea LME AFRICAN LMEs

19. 19 Asian LME - LME Volumes/Journals, PICES, NOWPAP, RFOs (GEF) Yellow Sea LME East China Sea LME (GEF) South China Sea LME (GEF) Indonesian Sea LME (GEF) Sulu Celebes Sea LME (GEF) Bay of Bengal LME (GEF) Gulf of Thailand LME North Australian Shelf LME Northeast Australian Shelf LME West-Central Australian Shelf LME ASIAN LMEs

20. 20 Asian LME - LME Volumes/Journals, PICES, NOWPAP, RFOs Northwest Australian Shelf LME East-Central Australian Shelf LME Southeast Australian Shelf LME Southwest Australian Shelf LME Northwest Australian Shelf LME New Zealand Shelf LME Kuroshio Current LME Oyashio Current LME Sea of Japan/East Sea LME Okhotsk Sea LME Arabian Sea LME ASIAN LMEs (cont.)

21. 21 Initial Commission for Ecosystem Based Management of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) Meet regularly to assess changing ecological conditions affecting living marine resources from an ecosystem perspective ANTARCTIC LME

22. 22 1995-2014 $3.15 billion 2014-2018 $2.86 billion Total EBM/LME support to developing countries$6.01 billion From Theory to Practice GEF Financial Support For Planning & Implementing EBM Goals in LMEs

23. 22 LMEs with GEF-Supported EBM Projects since 1994 23

24. 24 “Today the LME approach is the cornerstone of the GEF strategy for ocean and coastal conservation, and the GEF is the leading global funding source for transboundary water systems.” From Coast to Coast: Celebrating 20 Years of Transboundary Management of Our Shared Oceans, Chapter 1 Sustaining the World’s Large Marine Ecosystems (2015). GEF, Washington, DC. 178 p. ISBN 978-92-808-6068-9.