2. Diversity of Organisms and Classification

3. n Goal of classification process: to make easier way for studying living thing material

4. Classification of Organisms Kingdom Phylum / Division Class Order Family Genus Species

5. n The smallest group of organisms classified which can interbreed with each other to produce fertile offspring

6. Five Kingdom System n Bacteria n Protists n Fungi n Animals n Plants

7. Bacteria—Monera Kingdom n Unicellular, microscopic n No nucleus membrane –Prokaryotic n No chlorophyll –Saprophytic or parasitic

8. Protist kingdom n Unicellular; microscopic n Nucleus membrane is present –Eukaryotic n Autotrophic or heterotrophic

9. Fungus kingdom n Eukaryotic n Made up of hyphae n No root, stem and leaf n No chlorophyll –Saprophytic or parasitic n Reproduce by forming spores

10. Animal Kingdom n Eukaryotic n Divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of backbone: –Invertebrates : without backbone –Vertebrates : with backbone

11. Invertebrate Coelenterates 2 layers of cells Have tentacles with sting cells One opening

12. Flatworm Long and flattened body Free living or parasitic

13. Ringed worms Long and segmented body Have chaetae for locomotion

14. Roundwoms Long, cylindrical and segmented body Most of them are parasites

15. Molluscs Soft and unsegmented body Covered by a hard shell

16. Echinoderms Marine animals with 5-radial plan body Have external spines

17. Arthropods Segmented body Have a hard exoskeleton and several pairs of jointed legs Divided into 4 classes 1. Crustaceans 2. Arachnids 3. Myriapods 4. Insects

18. Crustaceans

19. Arachnids

20. Myriapods

21. Insects

22. Vertebrates n Divided into 5 groups: –Fish –Amphibians –Reptiles –Birds –Mammals

23. Fish n Aquatic n Cold-blooded n Body covered with wet and slimy scales n Streamline body for easy movement through water n Fins for balance and to control movement n Gills for breathing n External fertilization

24. Amphibians n Cold-blooded n Moist, scaleless skin n Limbs present –tetrapods n Larvae (tadpoles) use gills for breathing; adults use lungs n External fertilization

25. Reptiles n Cold-blooded n Body covered with dry, hard scales n Live on land n Breathe with lungs n Internal fertilization; lay shelled eggs

26. Birds --Aves n Warm-blooded n With feathers and wings n Beak for feeding n Lungs for breathing n Internal fertilization; lay shelled eggs

27. Mammals n Warm-blooded n Hairs on skin n Females have mammary glands for producing milk n Lungs for breathing n Diaphragm present n Internal fertilization; embryos develop inside mothers’ bodies

28. Plant Kingdom n Eukaryotic n Most plants contains photosynthetic pigments (e.g. chlorophyll) for photosynthesis –Autotrophic n Can be divided into two groups: –Non-flowering plants –Flowering plants

29. Non-flowering plants n 4 groups: –Algae –Mosses –Ferns –Gymnosperms

30. Algae n Aquatic n May be unicellular or multicellular n No root, stem or leaf n Contain photosynthetic pigments (e.g. chlorophyll) for photosynthesis

31. Mosses n With simple leaves and stems n No root; with rhizoids for anchorage and absorption of water n Reproduce by spores n No vascular tissues n Found in damp area

32. Ferns n With true roots, stems, leaves and vascular tissues n Reproduce by spores n Live in damp places

33. Gymnosperms n Reproduction by producing seeds –Seeds develop in cones, not enclosed by fruits  naked seeds n Needle-shaped leaves to reduce water loss

34. Angiosperms (Flowering plants) n With flowers for reproduction n Seeds are produced inside the fruit (matured ovary)

35. Two groups of flowering plants MonocotyledonsDicotyledons CotyledonsTwoOne Leaf venationNettedParallel Root systemTap root systemFibrous root system

36. n BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE Sistem tata cara nama ganda Carolus linnaeus

37. Linnaeus system of classification, uses two words, for giving the spesies name.

38. Rules : n The first word is for genus and the second ones is for a species. n The spelling of the first word begins with capital letter, while the second one begins with a letter n These two words are italicized or underlined.

39. For example : the scientific name of rice is Oryza sativa or Oryza sativa. Oryza is genus names while sativa is a species name.

40. Cycass rumphii Cycass is genus and rumphii is species.

41. Students Worksheet No Name of living things Scientific name 12345 Rice plant MangoesCornTigerCat Oryza sativa Mangifera indica Zea mays Felis tigris Felis domestica n Complette the table below

42. EVALUATION MODEL No Name of living things Scientific names The correct 12345GuavaRoseLionFlyWolf Psidium Guajava rosa canina panthera leo musca domestica CANIS LUPUS Psidium guajava Rosa canina Panthera leo Musca domestica Canis lupus