1. AP PSYCH DMA 1.According to B.F. Skinner, human behavior is controlled primarily by…. 2.Define spontaneous recovery. Please write the question & answer it Please turn in your test corrections (from yesterday)

2. TODAY’S AGENDA DMA Turn in test corrections Progress towards AP Exam Behavior modification experiment Chap. 8 Homework: Chap. 8 notes due Thursday, Oct. 27 th Chap. 8 test – Thursday, Oct. 27th FRQs # 1 & 2 due Friday, Oct. 21 st FRQ #3 due Monday, Oct. 24 th

3. PROGRESS TOWARDS AP EXAM Topic/Chapter% of AP Exam History & Approaches2-4% Research Methods8-10% Biological Bases of Behavior8-10% States of Consciousness2-4% Memory/Cognition8-10% Learning7-9% Total thus far…35-47% of the info covered in class

4. BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION EXPERIMENT

5. IVAN PETROVICH PAVLOV Classical Conditioning

6. EVERYONE NEEDS ONE OF THE CUPS Every time Wheeler says “Pavlov” you must – Lick your finger Stick it in the powder Lick the powder off your finger (yummy)

7. PAVLOV WAS NOT A PSYCHOLOGIST Nope – he was a prominent physiologist studying digestive processes. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for science for his research on digestion. Side note – in the 1800s Psych was not considered a “real” science so it was a great risk Pavlov took when he chose to pursue the experiment we are about to discuss.

8. PAVLOV WAS WORKING WITH DOG SPIT Specifically he was looking at the role of salivation on digestion. He measured the amount of saliva produced in reaction to certain substances one type of food vs. another; food vs. nonfood, etc. To gather the saliva scientifically, the dogs underwent a minor surgical procedure.

9. REFLEX The production of saliva under these varying conditions was regarded by Pavlov as reflex a response that occurs automatically.

10. BUT JUST HOW SMART IS THIS REFLEX? Pavlov noticed that the reflex happened without the food even being present… heck without it even being around for the dog to smell. The dogs would salivate just looking at their bowl, the person who usually brought the food in or at the sound of that person’s footsteps.

11. SO PAVLOV BUILT HIMSELF A BIG, BEAUTIFUL, SOUNDPROOF LABORATORY Trying to figure out what signal stimulation was causing the salivation he figured out that there must be two kinds of reflexes.

12. UNCONDITIONED REFLEXES are inborn and automatic require no learning are generally the same for all members of a species. Food = salivate Loud noise = jump Light = pupils dilate

13. CONDITIONED REFLEXES Are acquired through experience or learning May vary a great deal among individual members of a species Footsteps = salivation Smell of dental disinfectant = pain in teeth

14. HOW DID WE GET FROM FOOD TO FOOTSTEPS? Pavlov hypothesized that if a particular stimulus was present when the dog was fed, this stimulus would become associated in the dog’s brain with food. It would signal approaching food. Prior to being paired with food, the environmental stimulus did not produce any important response. it was neutral.

15. PAVLOV DIDN’T USE A BELL Step 1 UCS (food) UCR (salivation) Step 2 NS (metronome) + UCS (food) UCR (salivation) Step 3 Repeat step 2 several times Step 4 CS (metronome) CR (salivation)

16. PAVLOV ALSO USED VISUAL AND OLFACTORY NS He paired the smell of vanilla (NS) with lemon juice (UCS) to produce salivation (UCR). After several exposures the Vanilla (CS) caused the dogs to salivate (CR). He also paired a rotating object (NS) with food (UCS). Again, after several exposures the rotating object (CS) produced salivation (CR).

17. WHY THE HECK DO WE CARE? Think about how we explain the following: Phobias Why you dislike certain foods How advertising works What arouses you sexually The source of your emotions Why you feel anxiety before a test

18. EXTINCTION… When the pairing of NS and UCS no longer happens eventually the CR goes away.

19. CLASSICAL CONDITIONING On a piece of paper… Design an experiment you could conduct that tests classical conditioning. Your subjects are 10 freshmen You must identify your UCS, UCR, NS, CS and CR Explain why you must repeat your experiment multiple times. Please turn in your paper (in-box)