1. Modal Verbs Part 1: Chapter 9 GW4 Maling Lew

2. What’s the meaning? 1.I can drive.Ability 2.I might drive.Possibility 3.I have to drive.No choice, necessary 4.I mustn’t drive.Against the rule 5.You should get your driver’s license. Advice 6.May I drive your car?Permission 7.I used to drive.In the past, not anymore 8.I would rather drive than walk. Preference 9.She might be driving right now. Guessing 10. I shouldv’e driven today! Regret

3. 9-1 Modals Intro Rules Possibility Advice Ability “ Attitudes ” Permission Guessing Modals show Attitudes. Modals do not take –s She cans do it.  She can do it. She can to do it. Two Times: 1.Present + Future modal + BASE 2.Past

4. Modals Intro 1.She can saw it. see 2.She should to do it. to 3. She cans do it. can 4. Do you can see it?  Can you see it? 5. They don’t can go there. don’t can’t

5. 1. Making Polite Requests modal + base “I” as subject May I borrow your pen? May we visit you today? Could I use your eraser? Can I see your book? Would you mind if I opened the window? “You” as subject Would you lend me your pen? Could you please pass me the paper? Will you share your book with me? Wrong: May you…? May I …? Would you mind opening the window?

6. Answering May I borrow your pen? Of course. Could I use your eraser? Yes, certainly. Can I see your book? Sure. Would you mind if I opened the window? No, not at all. Of course not. No that would be fine. Would you lend me your pen? I’d be happy to. Could you pass me your eraser? You bet. (informal) Will you share your book with me? Absolutely. Would you mind opening the window? No, I’d be happy to. Not at all. I’d be glad to. No problem. (informal)

7. Lend or Borrow ?? Can you ______ me your pen? FORM: you + lend + me + obj owner borrower Can you lend me your pen? Can you lend me some money? FORM: I + borrow + obj borrower May I borrow your pen? Can I borrow some money?

8. Practice 1.May you lend me $1 please? May I borrow $1 please? 2. Do you can pass me the paper? Do you Can you pass me the paper? 3. Would you mind share your book with me? Would you mind sharing your book with me? 4. Could you borrow me your eraser Could you borrow lend me your eraser? 5. Would you mind repeat the answer? Would you mind repeating the answer?

9. Practice Make polite requests : I need an eraser. I need a paper. Repeat that. I didn’t understand. Help me. Open the door. It’s hot in here. Open the blinds. It’s dark in here. I forgot my book. Share with me. We’re tired. We want to leave class early. We are busy this weekend. No homework please.

10. 2. Necessity (9-5) Necessity = there is no other choice; it is required Must (strongest, formal) All international students must have a visa. Incorrect: must to Have to (“hafta”) You have to get a visa to study in America. Have got to (informal, “I’ve gotta”) I’ve got to go now. See you later.

11. Ask your partner these questions: 1.What are some things you have to do in America that you don’t have to do in your country? I have to ____________________. 2. What have you got to do to get a CA driver’s license? 3. What are some things you must do to improve your English?

12. Not Necessary (9-6) don’t have to Tomorrow is a holiday. We don’t have to go to class. I can hear you. You don’t have to shout. I finished all my homework! I don’t have to study tonight!

13. Prohibition (9-6) Must not = do not do this! You must not tell anyone my secret. A teacher must not have favorites. You must not cheat! You will get a zero. You must not be disrespectful to your classmates and teacher.

14. Let’s do Exercise 15 on p. 165 2. must not 3. don’t have to 4. doesn’t have to 5. must not 6. don’t have to 7. don’t have to 8. doesn’t have to

15. Homework Exercises 5, 6, 9 on pages 160-163

16. What advice do your parents give you? Studying, school Health, body Love, marriage Money Jobs, your future

17. 3. Giving Advice (9-7) Should = this is a good idea Shouldn’t = this is not a good idea Ought to = this is a very important responsibility (your duty) Had better (strongest, spoken) = a warning with possible bad consequences Had better not

18. Giving Advice Example Sentences Should You should sleep earlier. Shouldn’t You shouldn’t stay out so late. Ought to Children ought to respect their parents and teachers. I ought to study tonight, but I think I’ll watch TV instead.

19. Had better (strongest, spoken) The gas tank is almost empty. We had better stop at the next gas station. You had better take care of the problem before it gets worse. Had better not You’d better not forget mom’s birthday or else she’ll be upset!

20. Practice Give advice: Should, shouldn’t, ought to, had better, had better not My heart is broken. JOHN LARRY My computer has a virus! HELP! BOB I have too much homework. I’m going to fail my class. AMY My kids are making me crazy!

21. Book Exercises Turn to page 167 Let’s do:  Exercise 19  Exercise 20  Exercise 21 Wake up!

22. 3B. Mistakes & Regrets  I shouldn’t have been lazy. I should have studied harder. I shouldn’t have married him!

23. 3B. Regrets (9-8): I should have… Form: should(n’t) + have + Verb 3 Pronunciation: “should-a” + “shouldn-uv” I failed my test. I should have studied harder. We should have left earlier. Now we’re late! My back hurts. I shouldn’t have carried those boxes. I hated the movie. It shouldn’t have wasted my time and money on it.

24. Bruno Mars: When I was your man https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ekzHIouo8Q4

25. 3. Modals of Advice Should / shouldn’t Ought to / ought not to Had better / had better not Advice now: – You should do your homework (right now). Regret (past): – I should ____________ done my homework last night! Past Advice: – You should _______________ your homework last night. have done

26. should (n’t) + have + verb3 Giving advice about something that already happened. A: My back hurts. B: You shouldn’t have carried those heavy boxes. A: I failed the class. B: You should have studied harder. A: I am so full. My stomach doesn’t feel good. B: You shouldn’t have eaten so much!

27. Modals: Let’s review! Polite RequestsMay I….? Would you mind…? Necessary, Not necessary, prohibition You have to...You had to… You don’t have to…You didn’t have to… You must not…(no past) AdviceYou should… You ought to… You should have V3 You had better… Regrets  I should have… I shouldn’t have… PAST

28. Do Exercise 28, p.171

29. 4. “supposed to” A. Expectation: Parents are supposed to love their children.  We expect parents to do this. Teachers are supposed to be fair. B. Didn’t happen: We were supposed to go, but our car broke down. I was supposed to take the 2:00 flight, but …

30. A. Expectation = am/is/are supposed to We are supposed to go to the meeting. Our teacher told us to go. The children are supposed to put away their toys before they go to bed.

31. What are these people supposed to do?

32. B. was/ were supposed to = Didn’t happen Jack was supposed to call me last night. I wonder why he didn’t. The students were supposed to turn in their essays today, but many of them didn’t.

33. We were supposed to take the test yesterday. (Did we?) I was supposed to go to Vegas last weekend. (Did I go?) (Classmate’s name)_ was supposed to ____________ last night, but he/she didn’t because he/she ______________.

34. 5. [Be] going to A. Future plan: I am going to buy a car. B.Plan that didn’t happen: I was going to buy a car…but I ran out of money.

35. 5B. was/were going to (9-10) = Didn’t happen Similar to: was/were supposed to I was going to bring your book, but I totally forgot! I’m sorry. We were going to go with you to the movies last night, but we had too much work to do. She was going to come to my graduation, but she had to work.

36. REVIEW was supposed to + base – I was supposed to meet Maling this morning. Failed expectation was going to + base – I was going to meet Maling this morning. Failed plan should have + verb3 – I should’ve met Maling this morning. – You should’ve met Maling this morning. Regret / Past Advice DID NOT HAPPEN

37. Other phrases you can use: (I was going to…but I didn’t.) I was planning to do it, but I didn’t. I was hoping to go, but I couldn’t. I was intending to go, but I didn’t. I was thinking about going, but I didn’t.

38. Making Excuses Finish the sentence. 1. I was going to get up early this morning to run, but… 2. I was planning to study last night, but… 3. I was going to call my mother this week, but… 4. I was going to _______, but I was afraid you would laugh at me. 5. We wanted to _______, but it cost too much.

39. 6. Making Suggestions (9-11) Let’s… Let’s go to a movie tonight! Let’s not… Let’s not go to the party. I’m tired. Why don’t… Why don’t we go to Hawaii next summer? Shall I/we…? (very formal) Shall we leave at 9? Is that okay? Let’s go. Shall we?

40. Something’s wrong with my bike. How will I get to school today? Suggestions: could / can + base You could take the bus. You could walk. You can ask a friend to drive you. You should walk. It’s good exercise. Which is stronger? Advice (should) Suggestion (could)

41. Could and Should A: What should we do this weekend? B: We could go on a picnic, or we could go to the beach. C: We should study because we have a big test on Monday. Option / Suggestion Advice

42. 6. Suggestions about the Past (9-12) Could + have + verb 3 other options that were possible in the past A: I failed my math test last week. B: You could have asked me for help. I could have helped you. A: I got a ticket for texting while driving yesterday. B: You could have waited until you got home. should

43. Practice 1.I was so angry at my brother last night, and I said some terrible things to him. I wish I didn’t. Give past advice: You shouldn’t have… Give a past suggestion: You could have… 2. I am so sleepy and hungry. I can’t stay awake in Maling’s class. I can’t concentrate on this lesson! Give past advice or suggestion

44. Homework Exercise 29, p.172 Exercise 39, p. 177 Exercise 41