1. Chapter 11 Infection Control

2. 2 The Infection Cycle Infection cycle: chain of events allowing a pathogen to infect a host: –Pathogen is present –Reservoir host –Portal of exit Breaks in skin –Route of transmission –Portal of entry –Susceptible host

3. 3 Breaking the Chain of Infection Spread of disease can be stopped by removing any link in the chain –Kill pathogen before it enters host –Change the environment in which the bacteria lives For instance, if the bacteria needs moisture, keep the area clean and dry

4. 4 Help Prevent the Spread of Infection! Wash hands frequently Wear gloves and other protective clothing –Gowns, goggles, and masks Exposure to blood or other body fluids exists Working with clients who may be infectious

5. 5 Help Prevent the Spread of Infection! Keep your immunizations up-to-date –Especially hepatitis vaccinations

6. 6 Medical Asepsis (Clean Technique) Practices and procedures designed to ensure a clean environment –Removing or destroying disease-causing microorganisms Sterilization removes all forms of microbial life

7. 7 Handwashing: The Key to Medical Asepsis Handwashing is done at the following times for 30 seconds: –When first arriving at work –Before performing each procedure on a client –During a procedure if hands become contaminated

8. 8 Handwashing: The Key to Medical Asepsis Handwashing is done at the following times: –Between each client when a procedure is performed –After using the restroom –After removing gloves from your hands –Before eating

9. 9 Using Gloves The athletic trainer: –Must maintain a clean environment –Should always wear gloves whenever blood or body fluids are present Protects the care provider and the patient Even when the potential for such fluids are present, gloves must be worn

10. 10 Contaminated Sharps A serious risk exists when punctured by a needle or other sharp object Dispose of all needles, scalpel blades, and other sharp objects in the proper puncture-resistant container

11. 11 Reducing the Risk of Puncture Wounds Never recap, bend, or manually remove a dirty needle Always deposit the entire syringe and needle or sharp object in puncture- resistant container

12. 12 Reducing the Risk of Puncture Wounds Immediately clean a puncture wound with alcohol and Betadine and cover the wound Report this to your supervisor

13. 13 Reducing the Risk of Puncture Wounds Never carry needles or sharp objects from one location to another with the tips pointing toward other people or yourself Point them toward the floor

14. 14 The Risk of Hepatitis Handwashing is critical for reducing hepatitis spread –Often transmitted through the fecal-oral route due to not washing one’s hands after using the bathroom

15. 15 AIDS Incurable (at present) disease –Great care must be taken to avoid contact with this virus –Wash hands –Wear protective eyewear, gloves, and a mask to prevent exposure to splattering blood or other body fluids

16. 16 Universal Precautions –Wear gloves when one has contact with blood, body secretions, or broken skin –Do not reuse gloves To remove blood from a uniform you can use hydrogen peroxide –If a player has blood on his uniform/jersey he must be taken out of the game immediately until a new uniform is on or blood is removed.

17. 17 Universal Precautions Health care workers must be familiar with these precautions: –Wear protective eyewear and a mask during any procedures that may expose you to splattering blood or other body fluids

18. 18 Universal Precautions Health care workers must be familiar with these precautions: –Wear disposable gowns if blood or body fluids may splatter –Thoroughly wash hands and other skin surfaces immediately following contamination

19. 19 Universal Precautions Health care workers must be completely familiar with these precautions: –Avoid giving direct mouth-to-mouth resuscitation –Use mouth-to-mask method, resuscitator bags, and other available equipment

20. 20 Universal Precautions Health care workers must be completely familiar with these precautions: –Keep an airway nearby when working in a health care environment –Avoid direct patient contact if you have open wounds or other skin conditions

21. 21 Universal Precautions Healthcare workers must be completely familiar with these precautions: –Wash your hands after each patient contact and after removing gloves –Carefully dispose of all sharp objects in appropriate puncture-resistant containers

22. 22 Body Secretions for which Standard Precautions Are Used Urine Sputum Fecal material Wound drainage Semen Vaginal secretions

23. 23 Body Secretions for which Standard Precautions Are Used Tissues Synovial fluid –Around a joint Cerebrospinal fluid –Around brain and spinal cord

24. 24 Body Secretions for which Standard Precautions Are Used Pleural fluid –Lung Peritoneal fluid –Abdominal cavity Pericardial fluid –Around the heart Amniotic fluid