1. APO Defending Your Faith An Overview of Apologetics

2. Epistemology A subdivision of philosophy that focuses on of how people know what they know. How do we know what we know? How can we verify or falsify claims of truth? What are the elements that are necessary for us to know that anything is true?

3. Foundational Principles of Epistemology The Law of Non-Contradiction The Law of Causality (Cause and Effect) The Basic Reliability of Sense Perception The Analogical Use of Language

4. The Law of Non-Contradiction It is impossible for something to be and yet not be at the same time and in the same relationship Contradiction is not the hallmark of truth as Emil Brunner suggested. The Bible assumes that truth is non-contradictory and if a person is to be obedient to the Word of God, they must work within the framework of the law of non-contradiction.

5. The Law of Causality Everything that happens (effect) must have an antecedent cause. In scripture, every time an appeal is made to the “evidential value” of a miracle, the law of causality is in effect. Not only in medicine, but in all sciences (biology, physics, chemistry, and astronomy) causality is constantly assumed.

6. The Basic Reliability of Sense Perception Our senses can be deceived. Science recognizes this inherent limitation and has invented things to enhance our sense perceptions. The Bible appeals to the basic reliability of sense perception in order to make its case about reality.

7. The Analogical Use of Language “Analogy of Being”: The theory that there exists a correspondence or analogy between the created order and God, as a result of the divine creatorship. In order to have a meaningful discussion about God with someone else, we need to be able to describe some way in which God is like us in an analogous way.