1. Hitler’s Rise to Power

2. What was Hitler’s Early Life Like
Born to Alois and Klara Hitler in Austria.
Mother dies - Hitler blames her Jewish doctor for her death.
Wanted to be an artist – not accepted into the Vienna Academy of Art
Paternal Grandfather - Jewish

3. Hitler’s Paintings

4. How did WWI Influence Hitler?
He served in German Army:
wounded and received two Iron Crosses for bravery.
First success in his life
Blamed Germany’s defeat on Jews, Communists, and “November Criminals” - signers of TOV

5. Why did Hitler Join the German Workers Party?
Army Sent Hitler to investigate in 1919.
Gave a speech denouncing the TOV, Jews and Communists
Asked to Join

6. What is the NAZI Party?
German Workers Party changed to National Socialist German Workers Party - “NAZI” Party
Fascist beliefs (Govt. control all, absolute allegiance required)
Drafted a platform of 25 points
Swastika – ancient symbol meaning good luck

7. What was the Beer Hall Putsch?
October 30, 1923
Failed NAZI Party Revolution- Hitler imprisoned

8. What is Mein Kampf? “Mein Kampf” = “My Struggle”
Blueprint for Germany’s future
1. Racism - hatred for Jews
2. Lebensraum (living space) -expansion of Germany’s border
3. World Domination

9. What Problems did Germany’s government have after WWI?
Weimar Republic – democracy established after WWI
Faced Political opposition from
communist
fascists

10. What economic problems did the Weimar Republic have after WWI?
Reparations – repayments for war damages to Allies
Caused:
High Unemployment
Starvation
Desperation….

11. What is Hyperinflation?
US German
Jan $1 = $5.21
Jan $1 = $191.81
Jan $1 = $17, 972
Dec $1 = $4.2 T
Hyperinflation - soaring inflation
(increase in prices due to too much money and too few goods)

12. What did Hitler offer to the German people?
Promises, Promises
Nationalists - Restore Germany to Greatness
Wealthy Industrialist – stop communism
Workers – end unemployment
Blamed Others for Germany’s Problems
Jews
November Criminals
Weimar Republic
Excellent Speaker
Stop reparation payments, give all germans food and jobs, make them proud to be German again, blamed Jews for Germany’s problems

13. How does Hitler become Chancellor?
“Brownshirts”– Hitler’s private army
used fear tactics to eliminate opposition
Used speeches and propaganda to gain support
Nazi Party gains votes in Reichtag (German Legislature):
1930 = 18% of vote
1932 = 37% of vote
Hitler appointed Chancellor (Prime Minister) in 1933
Hitler appted by President of Germany (Hindenburg), Chancellor similar to Prime Minister, to satisfy the Nazis in the Reichstag

14. How did Hitler Gain Total Power?
“Reichstag fire” - blamed on communists
Ended democracy in Germany, declared himself Fuhrer
Declared state of emergency and suspended individual rights and democratic protections (freedom of speech)

15. What actions did Hitler take as Der Fuhrer – The Leader?
Ignored the TOV
Rebuilt Army & Opened Weapons Factories
Stopped reparations payments
Economy improved
New Jobs - military sector
Decreased unemployment
Eliminated political opposition
Began planning for expansion of the Third Reich (Third Empire)

16. What was the Jewish Problem?
Hitler’s belief that Aryan German’s were the “Master Race” – blond hair, blue eyes, strong and disciplined
Blamed Germany’s problems on the Jewish
Racism and propaganda used to create distrust and hatred against Jews and non-Aryans.

17. The Night of the Long Knives
6/30-7/2/1934
Actually a few nights
June 30 “Night of the long knives” – Nazis kill 77 people, mostly high ranking SA members—Ernst Rohm
SA vs. SS
SA Storm Troopers (Ernst Rohm)—they wanted to get rid of Nazi’s enemies. They were called the “Brown shirts”
SS—Schutzstaffel (Heinrich Himmler)—they were called the black shirts.

18. What actions did Hitler take to solve the “Jewish Problem”
1935 Nuremburg Laws
Stipped Jews of Citizenship
Can’t Hold Public Office
Barred From Schools
Boycott Jewish Businesses
Banned non-Jews from marriage to Jews
1938 Kristallnacht
“Night of the Broken Glass”
Jewish businesses vandalized
Burned Synagogues
Many Jews attacked, shot or sent to prison camps

19. Mussolini

20. Italy Problems After WWI
460,000 Soldiers killed
Heavy debt
Dissatisfaction with TOV - Britain and France didn’t give Italy the land they promised in the Treaty of London
Governments were coalitions that couldn’t make decisions

21. Problems Continue Value of Lira declined Price of bread rose
Shortage of coal
Rising unemployment let to unrest in cities
Peasants seize lands

22. Mussolini Gains Power Promises to solve Italy’s problems
Something for everyone:
Nationalists – recreate the Roman Empire
Landowners – protect private property
Workers – full unemployment
Blackshirts
Mussolini’s Followers
Used force to gain power

23. March on Rome 1922
“Either the government will be given to us or we shall seize it by marching on Rome”
20,000 Blackshirts in a planned Coup d’etat
King Victor Emmanuel fears Civil War - names Mussolini Prime Minister

24. “Il Duce” – The Leader Solved Unemployment Problem
Restored Patriotism and Nationalism
Recaptured Italy’s Greatness
“Made the Trains Run on Time”
Limited Individual Freedoms

25. Rise of Militarism in Japan

26. What Problems did Japan have after WWI?
Weak Constitutional Monarchy
Conflicts with west (U.S.) over immigration policies and TOV/LON
Population Explosion
35M to 60 M
Need land for farming and living space
Industrial Revolution = need for more raw materials
Economic Problems due to Great Depression
Emperor Hirohito

27. What type of government evolved in Japan?
Civilian government had no control over military
Militarism influenced all aspects of society
Military gradually gains control of the government
Emperor Hirohito as figurehead
Tojo as Military General and Leader of Japan

28. What were Japan’s Military and Nationalist Goals?
Solve problems through foreign expansion
Create a Pacific Empire rich in raw materials and living space
Begin in 1931 – Invasion of Manchuria
1931 Attack on Manchuria

29. What was the Rape of Nanking?
Sometimes called Massacre of Nanjing
Japanese troops commit horrible atrocities
Killing, raping, looting (200, ,000 killed)
Torture (Psychological, perverse)
Killing contests
But, some pictures and testimony from foreigners (mostly British) escape
Some Japanese historians deny this happened even to this day