2. All about Reported Speech A Comprehensive Guide with Examples and Practice

3. I MPERATIVES S TATEMENTS Q UESTIONS S PEAKER ’ S I NTENTIONS S EQUENCE OF T ENSES E XERCISES T HE E ND

4. imperatives INTRODUCTORY VERB TELL ASK INSTRUCT OBJECT ME HIM JOE Daddy told us to be on time. We asked Joe not to speak so quietly. The teacher instructed them to stop writing and hand in their tests. Examples

5. S EQUENCE OF T ENSES Tenses change if the introductory phrase is in a PAST tense. Otherwise they remain the same as the original. Simple Present V V+s Simple Present V V+s Present Perfect have/has V 3 Present Perfect have/has V 3 Present Continuous am is V+ ing are Present Continuous am is V+ ing are Present Perfect Continuous have/has been V+ing Present Perfect Continuous have/has been V+ing Simple Past V 2 Simple Past V 2 Past Continuous was V+ ing were Past Continuous was V+ ing were Past Perfect had V 3 Past Perfect had V 3 Past Perfect Continuous had been V+ing Past Perfect Continuous had been V+ing

6. C HANGES OF M ODALS WILL MAY MUST WOULD, COULD, MIGHT, OUGHT TO, USED TO, HAD BETTER DO NOT CHANGE. CAN WOULD COULD MIGHT HAD TO

7. C HANGES OF A DVERBS AND D EMONSTRATIVES (1) this/these here now ago last next that/those The next / the following the previous before then there

8. C HANGES OF A DVERBS AND D EMONSTRATIVES (2) today yesterday tomorrow tonight the day before yesterday the day after tomorrow that day in two days two days before that night the next day the previous day

9. examples Direct Speech ‘ I love you’- she said to him. ‘He is busy now.’ she said. ‘They went home late yesterday.’ - he said. ‘I have never seen a UFO.’ – he said. She will arrive tomorrow.’ – he said. Reported Speech She told him that she loved him. She said he was busy then. He said they had gone home late the previous day. He said he had never seen a UFO. He said she would arrive the next day.

10. statements INTRODUCTORY VERB TELL SY SAY (TO SY) STATE SUBJECT VP Use your COMMON SENSE : I/you/we, my/your/our, mine/ yours/ours may change depending on who reports the statement.

11. examples Direct Speech ‘ I like reading.’- she says to him. ‘You must help us. ’ he tells her. ‘We can do it.’ - he stated. ‘I have never seen a UFO.’ – he says. She is my best friend’ – he told us. Reported Speech She tells him that she likes reading. He tells her that she must help them. He stated they could do it. He says he has never seen a UFO. He told us that she was his best friend.

12. SPEAKER’S INTENTIONS: REQUESTS Direct Speech “Will you open the door?” “Can you open the door?” “Could you open the door?” “Would you open the door?” “Would you mind opening the door?” Reported Speech

13. SPEAKER’S INTENTIONS: INVITATIONS Direct Speech “Would you like to visit us?” “What about visiting us?” “How about visiting us?” “Why don’t you visit us?” “Do you fancy visiting us?” Reported Speech

14. SPEAKER’S INTENTIONS: SUGGESTIONS Direct Speech “Let’s go out tonight.” “Why don’t we go out tonight?” “How about going out tonight?” “That sounds a great idea.” “I’d rather we didn’t. You see I don’t feel good.” Reported Speech She suggested going out that night. She accepted his suggestion. She refused his suggestion because she didn’t feel good.

15. SPEAKER’S INTENTIONS: OFFERS Direct Speech “Shall I make you a coffee?” “Yes, please.” “No, thanks.” Reported Speech She offered to make him a coffee. She accepted the offer. She refused the offer.

16. SPEAKER’S INTENTIONS: ADVICE Direct Speech “What would you do if you were me?” “What shall I do?” “You should get up earlier.” “Why don’t you get up earlier?” “If I were you, I’d get up earlier.” Reported Speech She asked him to give her advice. She advised him to get up earlier. She suggested that he (should) get up earlier.

17. SPEAKER’S INTENTIONS: GREETINGS Direct Speech “Hello.” “Good morning.” “Bye” “See you.” “How are you?” Reported Speech She greeted him. She said good-bye to him. She enquired about his health.

18. SPEAKER’S INTENTIONS: APOLOGIES Direct Speech “I’m sorry I’ve broken your vase.” ‘It’s OK. I never liked it anyway” Reported Speech She apologized for breaking his vase. He accepted her apology and explained that he had never liked it.

19. SPEAKER’S INTENTIONS: SHORT ANSWERS Direct Speech “Yes, I do.” “Yes, I am.” “No, I don’t.” “No, I didn’t.” Reported Speech She said she did. She said she was. She said she didn’t. She said she hadn’t.

20. SPEAKER’S INTENTIONS: EMOTIONS Direct Speech “Damn” “Blimey.” “Ouch!” “Wow!” “Congratulations.” “Sorry?” “I’m really sorry.” Reported Speech She swore. She shouted angrily. She shouted in pain. She shouted excitedly. She congratulated him on his success. She asked him to repeat what he had said She expressed her sympathy.

21. QUESTIONS INTRODUCTORY VERB WH- WORD SUBJECT VP ASK WONDER WHAT HOW ETC. WHETHER IF NO INVERSION SEQUENCE OF TENSES if the introductory phrase is in a past tense

22. examples Direct Speech ‘ When did you stop working?’- she asked him. ‘Must you be off so early? ’ he wondered. ‘Are you free tonight?’ - he asked her. ‘Why do you eat so much?’ – he asked his friend. Have you finished your test?’ – the teacher asked us. Reported Speech She asked him when he had stopped working. He wondered whether she had to be off so early. He asked her if she was free that night. He asked his friend why he ate so much. The teacher asked us if we had finished our test.

23. Exercises (1) Which sentence is the correct reported version of the one in the green box? Why did you leave your bag in the hall yesterday? She asked why did he leave his bag in the hall the previous day.. She asked why he left his bag in the hall yesterday.. She asked why had he left his bag in the hall yesterday.. She asked why he had left his bag in the hall the previous day..

24. Exercises (2) Which sentence is the correct reported version of the one in the green box? Don’t stop when you hear the bell ringing. Dad told his kids not to stop when they hear the bell ringing. Dad told not to stop when they heard the bell ringing. Dad told his kids not to stop when they heard the bell ringing. Dad said to his kids not to stop when they heard the bell ringing.

25. Exercises (3) Which sentence is the correct reported version of the one in the green box? We must put off our trip till next week. Jill said they had to put off their trip till the next week. Jill said they must put off their trip till the next week. Jill said they had put off their trip till the next week. Jill said they must have put off their trip till the next week.

26. Exercises (4) Which sentence is the correct reported version of the one in the green box? Will you go on holiday this summer? Jill asked Sue if she will go on holiday that summer. Jill asked Sue that she would go on holiday that summer. Jill asked Sue if she would go on holiday that summer. Jill asked Sue whether she will go on holiday that summer.

27. Exercises (5) Which sentence is the correct reported version of the one in the green box? Are you going to the party tonight? He asked when she was going to the party. He wondered whether she was going to the party that night. He asked if she was going to the party tonight. He asked whether she is going to the party that night.

28. Exercises (6) Report the following dialogue by adding the missing words. ―Hi, Jack. How are you? I haven’t seen you for ages. ―I moved to London 3 months ago so I rarely visit Brighton. What about having dinner together tonight? ―Sounds great. Shall we go to our old cafe? ―Yes, let’s meet at 7. ―OK. See you there. ―See you Frank _________ Jack and ___________ about his health. He added that he __________ him for ages. Jack said that he ________________ 3 months ______ and explained that he rarely _______ Brighton. He __________________ together that night. Frank _________ the invitation and _________ going to their old cafe. Jack __________ and __________________ at 7. Frank _________ to meet there and they ______________. enquired greeted hadn’t seen had moved to London visited before agreed suggested meeting agreed suggested having dinner suggested accepted said good bye

29. Exercises (7) Which sentence is the correct direct version of the one in the blue box? Joe asked Jill if she had ever had pasta for breakfast. Do you ever have pasta for breakfast? Had you ever had pasta for breakfast? Did you ever have pasta for breakfast? Have you ever had pasta for breakfast?

30. Exercises (8) Which sentence is the correct direct version of the one in the blue box? The Smiths said they didn’t want to adopt a dog. We don’t want to adopt a dog. They don’t want to adopt a dog. We didn’t want to adopt a dog. They didn’t want to adopt a dog.

31. Exercises (9) Which sentence is the correct direct version of the one in the blue box? The boss told her workers to do overtime if they wanted a pay rise. Do overtime if you wanted a pay rise. Do overtime if you want a pay rise. Do overtime if she wants a pay rise. Do overtime if they want a pay rise.

32. Exercises (10) Which sentence is the correct direct version of the one in the blue box? She asked him why he hadn’t phoned her the previous night. Why haven’t you phoned me last night? Why didn’t he phone me last night? Why didn’t you phone me last night? Why hadn’t you phoned me yesterday?