1. ALI ABBAS BIO 1301 PROSTATE CANCER

2. QUICK FACTS ABOUT PROSTATE CANCER 1.Prostate Cancer is the most common type of cancer among men in the United States 2.A man is 35% more likely to get Prostate Cancer than a woman is Breast Cancer 3.Theres a new case every 2 minutes, and a death every 15 4.Age is the most important factor 5.It is more common in men above 50 6.Only 1 in 10,000 under the age of 40 will be diagnosed 7.African American men are twice as likely to get Prostate Cancer than Caucasian 8.Geographically more common north of the equator

3. WHY THE PROSTATE IS IMPORTANT The prostate is vital to reproduction, considering that it produces the seminal fluid that nourishes the sperm during ejaculation.

4. CAUSES AND SYMPTOMS Age is the biggest factor in Prostate Cancer. If you have a family member with Prostate Cancer, of if there is any history in your family with Prostate Cancer, your risk of getting it doubles. Symptoms include: Need to urinate frequently Difficulty urinating Weak or interrupted flow of urine Painful or burning sensation during urination Painful ejaculation Blood in urine Frequent lower back pains or stiffness If it is caught in the early stages, most men won’t experience any symptoms

5. DETECTING PROSTATE CANCER 90% of all men with prostate cancers are detected in the local and regional stage Almost 100% of these men will be disease free after five years Cancer can be detected even if there aren’t any symptoms Screening for Prostate Cancer can be performed in a physician’s office using two tests: The PSA Blood Test Digital Rectal Exam A Prostate Cancer biopsy is the best way to detect problems, and growth. Men above the age of 40 should get a screening test

6. STAGES OF CANCER Stage I The cancer is still in the prostate Stage II The cancer is still found in the prostate Stage III The cancer spreads to the outer side of prostate Stage IV The cancer has spread to nearby organs and tissues

7. TREATMENTS There are a wide variety of treatment options available for men with Prostate Cancer Treatments include Surgery Radiation Therapy Hormone Therapy Chemotherapy All of these treatments are used at different times, depending on the stage of the cancer Consultation with Prostate Cancer specialist will give you the most comprehensive assessment of available treatments

8. SURGERY When the tumor is contained in the prostate, it can be removed through surgery Surgery is typically only used in the early stages of cancer Surgery may also temporarily affect sexual as well as urinary function

9. RADIATION THERAPY Can be used at any stage It is used to kill cancer cells using radiation Helps reduce bone pain from spread of cancer

10. HORMONE THERAPY Used to slow down and/or shrink the spread of cancer, however it will not eliminate the tumor Only used on men who have been diagnosed with advanced stages of Prostate Cancer The main point of Hormone Therapy is to stop the production of testosterone and other male hormones

11. CHEMOTHERAPY Chemotherapy aims to kill all the cancerous cells that are outside of the prostate It is used in the more advanced stages of Prostate Cancer It is only used if the body does not respond to Hormone Therapy

12. FAMILY AND SOCIETY Patients aren’t the only ones affected by Prostate Cancer. This disease has a significant impact on the people closest to them, more often their spouses. More than half of the spouses surveyed told researches that they take an active role in their husbands experience Spouses also experience many of the same emotions their husbands face, as more than half feel helpless, anxious, depressed, and had a loss of intimacy. Not only does Prostate Cancer hurt the patient, it equally affects the spouse when it comes to emotional pain and distress.

13. ECONOMIC IMPACTS The National Institutes of Health estimated that in 2009, the overall annual cost of cancer were as follows Total Cost: $215.6 Billion Direct medical costs: $86.6 Billion Indirect mortality cost: $130 Billion

14. CURRENT FOCUS A mutation called HOXB13 has been found, and it has been linked to detect early prostate cancer that runsin the family This mutation is very rare, as it happens with only 2% of men HOXB13 has been found as a chromosome that comes from both of the parents Current research has found that a certain variant mitochondrial DNA from the mother might triple the risk for a man to get prostate cancer

15. WORKS CITED "Prostate Cancer FAQs - Prostate Cancer Foundation (PCF)." Prostate Cancer FAQs - Prostate Cancer Foundation (PCF). N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Apr. 2014. "Prostate Health." : Why It's Important! N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Apr. 2014. "Prostate Cancer." Home Page. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Apr. 2014.