1. The Vietnam War: 1954-1975 The War Unfolds

2. VIETNAM - Beginnings The United States entered the Vietnam War to defeat Communist forces threatening South Vietnam. “You have a row of dominoes set up, you knock over the first one, and what will happen to the last one is the certainty that will go over very quickly.” –President Dwight D. Eisenhower (1954)

3. What events led to the war between North Vietnam and South Vietnam? End of World War II - Japanese occupation of Vietnam ended French Indochina - A French colony that France tried to regain control of after WWII Nationalist uprising against the French in the North (led by Nationalist Communists under Ho Chi Minh and General Giap) French defeated at Dien Bien Phu - 1954

4. What events led to the war between North Vietnam and South Vietnam? Geneva Accords 1954 - divided Vietnam along the 17th parallel North led by Ho Chi Minh South led by anti- Communist Ngo Dinh Diem Elections set for 1956 refused by South Vietnam - feared Communist unfairness and victory

5. The Vietnam War, 1954–1975 Although neighboring Laos and Cambodia were officially neutral, both aided the North Vietnamese and Viet Cong by providing access to bases and the Ho Chi Minh Trail, a vital supply route from North to South

6. What events led to the war between North Vietnam and South Vietnam? By 1960, President Eisenhower had pledged American support to Diem in the South US had 675 military ‘advisors’ there US presence justified by the “domino theory” - if one country falls to communism, the rest will eventually fall too.

7. What were the Vietnam policies of President Kennedy and Robert McNamara? JFK - determined to stop spread of communism McNamara (Sec. of Defense) developed ‘flexible response’ Continued support of the South Vietnamese struggle against the North

8. The United States continued to support the unpopular South Vietnamese government under Diem. South Vietnamese leader Diem - very unpopular, dictatorial –Led to protests in the South by Buddhists Strategic hamlets - relocated Vietnamese farmers National Liberation Front formed in 1960 - a.k.a Viet Cong (VC) = guerillas in the South - supported by North Vietnamese Army (NVA) supplies

9. Events in November 1963 dramatically changed United States ambitions in Vietnam. Diem assassinated Nov. 1, 1963 in a military coup JFK assassinated Nov. 22, 1963 Lyndon B. Johnson (VP) became president LBJ continued Vietnam policies of JFK

10. How did President Lyndon Johnson change the course of the Vietnam War? Johnson feared Vietnam going Communist August 5, 1964: Tonkin Gulf Incident Congress passed Tonkin Gulf Resolution - Gave LBJ broad executive powers to wage war