1. The Communication Process: An Introduction Chapter 1 Communicating for Results, 10th edition

2. Where do you see yourself in the next 5 years? –Professionally –Personally –Academically Be prepared to share aloud with the class. Whip Around Communicating for Results, 10th edition

3. Define communication Identify and describe each element of the transactional model of communication Identify how Americans view the honest and ethical standards of several professions Chapter 1 Objectives Communicating for Results, 10th edition

4. Skills Employers Seek 1.Ability to work in a team 2.Leadership 3.Communication skills 4.Problem-solving skills 5.Strong work ethic

5. Classical Roots Rhetoric began in Greece Aristotle 5 cannons of rhetoric –Invention –Arrangement –Style –Memory –Delivery

6. Classical Roots Cont. Ethos Pathos Logos Greeks=agora Romans=forum

7. Communication skills are important to success in business and professional settings –Despite evidence communication skills are necessary for success in the workplace, individuals continue to have problems in this area –Fortunately, communication is a skill that can be learned The Communication Process Communicating for Results, 10th edition

8. Latin root of communicate is communicare –To impart, share, make common Communication is the process of people sharing thoughts, ideas, and feelings with each other in commonly understandable ways Communication Defined Communicating for Results, 10th edition

9. Key to success is being able to identify cause for misunderstandings and figure out how to keep them from occurring again –This is where communication models prove helpful –Allow us to pinpoint where in communication process misunderstandings occur so that we can correct them Models have evolved from early one-way models to more accurate transactional models Models of Communication Communicating for Results, 10th edition

10. Communication viewed as linear process going from Person A to Person B –Shows communication occurs in presence of internal and external noise and message is carried by code traveling through a channel No response or feedback One-Way Model Communicating for Results, 10th edition

11. The Process of Communication A Linear View –Communication is “done to” a receiver Figure 1.1

12. Communication is viewed as circular or interactive process –Sender communicates message to receiver who interprets it and sends reply back to sender –Includes feedback –Implies communication occurs in step-by-step process Rarely happens –Addition of frame of reference Circular Model Communicating for Results, 10th edition

13. Communication viewed as simultaneous, transactional process between senders and receivers –Simultaneous Persons involved may be sending and receiving at same time –Transactional Both persons responsible for creating meaning and both influence and are influenced by the other Addition of environment and stimulus/motivation Transaction Model Communicating for Results, 10th edition

14. Transaction model includes the following elements: –Person A/Person B –Stimulus and motivation –Encoding and decoding –Frames of reference –Code –Channel –Feedback –Environment –Noise The Basic Transaction Model Expanded Communicating for Results, 10th edition

15. Transaction model includes the following elements: –Person A/Person B –Stimulus and motivation –Encoding and decoding –Frames of reference –Code –Channel –Feedback –Environment –Noise Work with a partner to create what you think this model would look like What would this model look like? Communicating for Results, 10th edition

16. The Process of Communication A Transactional View –Communication as a uniquely human process Figure 1.2

17. Either person could be sender or receiver During most of communication, both send and receive simultaneously Person A/Person B Communicating for Results, 10th edition

18. Two things must happen before sender even wants to send message –Sender must be stimulated Internal or external stimulus triggers thought, which triggers desire to communicate –Second requirement is sufficient motivation Stimulus and Motivation Communicating for Results, 10th edition

19. Sender must decide how best to convey message to receiver –Process of putting message into form in which it will be communicated is encoding Sender often referred to as encoder –When encoder’s message picked up, receiver tries to make sense of it –Decoding is process receiver goes through in trying to interpret exact meaning of message Encoding and Decoding Communicating for Results, 10th edition

20. Communication breakdowns occur because we use our own background and experience to encode and decode –An invisible window Unless backgrounds and experiences of both sender and receiver are identical, messages may not be accurately encoded or decoded –Only when our frames of reference overlap can we expect real understanding Frame of Reference Communicating for Results, 10th edition

21. Managers and employees have different frames of reference –Frame of reference differences play role in international business confusion Individualistic/collectivistic cultures Low context/high context cultures No Identical Frame of Reference Communicating for Results, 10th edition

22. Communicator needs to remember that message that counts is the one received –As sender you need to be concerned with what your receiver thought you said Burden of communication lies with sender –It is a good idea to check reception of your message by asking receivers to paraphrase what they think you meant No Identical Frame of Reference Communicating for Results, 10th edition

23. Communication and Ethics in the Workplace Communicating for Results, 10th edition

24. In your notes respond to this question. Be prepared to share aloud. How do you define ethics? Communicating for Results, 10th edition

25. Ethical rules: –Utilitarian rule: Greatest good for the greatest number of people. –Moral rights rule: An ethical decision should maintain and protect the fundamental rights and privileges of people. –Justice rule: An ethical decision should distribute benefits and harm among people in a fair, impartial, and equitable manner. –Practical rule: An ethical decision should be one that a manager has no hesitation to communicate to people outside the company because the typical person in a society would think the decision is acceptable. Communication and Ethics Communicating for Results, 10th edition

26. As an employee, watch for following ethics traps: –Trap of necessity “I have no choice.” –Trap of relative filth “What I’m doing isn’t half as bad as what I have done in the past.” –Trap of rationalization “It’s okay if I call in sick because if I don’t use my sick days before January, I lose them.” –Trap of self-deception “So what if I claim my experience is more varied than it really is. No one will ever find out.” –Trap of end justifying the means “If I exaggerate the uses of this product just a bit, I will be able to increase my sales and get a promotion.” Communication and Ethics Communicating for Results, 10th edition

27. Practical reasons for being ethical: –If people lose faith in you, or in your company, failure is inevitable –Not only do people enjoy dealing with honest people, they also prefer working for ethical companies –Unethical behavior weighs heavily on your conscious –http://www.businessinsider.com/facebook-fired-2011-5#http://www.businessinsider.com/facebook-fired-2011-5# Communication and Ethics Communicating for Results, 10th edition

28. NCA Code of Ethics The National Communication Association believes that ethical behavior is a hallmark of professionalism in communication. We believe that ethical behavior is guided by values such as: integrity fairness professional and social responsibility equality of opportunity confidentiality honesty and openness respect for self and others freedom and safety

29. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ifFzxiSQsCE Ethical or not? Communicating for Results, 10th edition

30. Speeches –CITING SOURCES!!!! Resume –Falsified information Group Project –100% participation –Citing sources Exams –Looking at another person’s paper Ethical Considerations in This Class Communicating for Results, 10th edition

31. Employees have been fired for “Bad-mouthing employers” on Facebook and other social media sites. For example, one paramedic using her home computre called her supervisor a “scumbag” on Facebook and was fired. The National Labor Relations Board has reviewed 113 cases and is using the 1935 Wagner Act to determine whether online actions are protected or not. So far, it appears that online complaints aainst an employer are not protected unless the complaints were made during an online discussion in which coworkers were complaining about such things as supervisory actions or working conditions. 1.What types of comments should Facebook users feel free to post about their employers, if any? 2.Should employers be able to fire or discipline workers for what they say on social networking sites? Why, or why not? 3.https://www.facebook.com/about/privacyhttps://www.facebook.com/about/privacy 4.https://www.facebook.com/legal/termshttps://www.facebook.com/legal/terms Activity Communicating for Results, 10th edition

32. Chapter 2 Next Time Communicating for Results, 10th edition