1. HUMAN STRUCTURE AND PHYSIOLOGY INTRODUCTION Tyler Agniel

2. TOPICS  Autonomic nervous system  Endocrinology  Cardiovascular physiology  Immunology  Respiratory physiology  Renal physiology  Digestion  Reproductive physiology Tyler Agniel

3. HOMEOSTASIS Tyler Agniel

4. HOMEOSTASIS  All organs interact  All cells of organs bathed in internal fluid  Cells exist if fluid remains constant in quantity and quality (osmosis)  Fluctuations occur within narrow limits Serge Francois

5. FEEDBACK MECHANISMS Control system Sensor Set point adjustment Disturbance Error signal Inverted amplifier Negative feedback -

6. NEGATIVE FEEDBACK Beneficial e.g. perspiration  Disturbance (increase in body temp.)  Sensor (nervous system)  Inverted amplifier (decrease in temp.) Doesn’t prevent displacement Restores stability close to operating parameters (set point adjustment) Tyler Agniel

7. FEEDBACK MECHANISMS Control system Sensor Disturbance Signal Amplifier Positive feedback Output + Tyler Agniel

8. POSITIVE FEEDBACK Rare Mostly destructive e.g. congestive heart failure  Disturbance (inability of heart to pump blood)  Sensor (nervous system)  Amplifier (increase in heart muscle contraction, further impeding pumping ability) Tyler Agniel

9. CONTROL SYSTEMS Integration (CNS) StimulusResponse Effector (muscle, gland) Receptor (cell) AfferentEfferent Tyler Agniel

10. Thank You Tyler Agniel